Visual Reliance to Restore Balance in Healthy, Prone to Injury, Coper, and Chronic Ankle Instability Individuals

Mansoori, Mohammad Hani; Ardakani, Mohammad Karimizadeh; Omidi, Mitra; Gholami, Fatemeh

doi:10.32598/irj.22.1.1406.4

Volume 22, Issue 1 (March 2024) Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2024, 22(1): 63-74 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.32598/irj.22.1.1406.4

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Mansoori M H, Ardakani M K, Omidi M, Gholami F. Visual Reliance to Restore Balance in Healthy, Prone to Injury, Coper, and Chronic Ankle Instability Individuals. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2024; 22 (1) :63-74
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.html

Visual Reliance to Restore Balance in Healthy, Prone to Injury, Coper, and Chronic Ankle Instability Individuals

Mohammad Hani Mansoori¹

, Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani ^*

¹, Mitra Omidi²

, Fatemeh Gholami³

1- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
3- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Kharazmi Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: (262 Views)

Objectives: The visual system plays a crucial role in controlling the posture of individuals by updating information on the positions and movements that different parts of the body perform. This study aimed to investigate and compare the role of vision in balance recovery strategies between healthy, prone to injury, Coper, and chronic ankle instability (CAI).
Methods: The current research was of an applied and comparative type, which was conducted on male athletes in the age group of 18 to 30 years. Subjects were divided purposefully into four groups including CAI (n=15), Coper (n=15), prone to ankle injury (n=15), and healthy group (n=15). In this study, treadmills were used to create disturbance in the subjects’ postures in both anterior and posterior directions, and Kinovea software to record kinematic information about subjects during sudden disturbances. Paired t-test was used to compare the scores of the subjects in open and closed eyes.
Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that in the variables of ankle oscillations, hip oscillations, and the ratio of the hip to ankle oscillations in both anterior and posterior disturbances in the groups of CAI, Coper, prone to injury, and healthy, there was a significant difference between open eyes (P=0.001) and closed eyes (P=0.001). The order of most fluctuations in all variables was from CAI group to Coper, prone to injury, and healthy, indicating the greater effectiveness of balance recovery strategies by eliminating visual feedback in the CAI group.
Discussion: To summarize the research findings, compared with uninjured and Coper participants, those with CAI had less balance and more functional limitations. Therefore, in training programs for ankle sprain rehabilitation, special attention should be paid to balance recovery strategies and the role of visual feedback to control posture.

Keywords: Visual, Pasture control, Ankle joint, Athletes, Ankle instability

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• Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries to the musculoskeletal system, especially among active people.
• Research findings showed that compared to uninjured and impaired participants, individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) had less balance and more functional limitations.
• By removing visual feedback in all groups (CAI, Coper, prone, and healthy), the amount of ankle sways, hip sways, and the ratio of the hip to ankle sways in both anterior and posterior disturbance was more than the state of open eyes.
• Rehabilitation should pay attention to balance recovery strategies and factors affecting it in athletes with ankle injuries.

Plain Language Summary

The sense of vision plays a direct and essential role in balancing, with the moment-to-moment information it gives to the nervous system from the surrounding environment. Any reduced or impairment in vision leads to alternations in motor function and balance. The lack of vision, in addition to making changes in postural control, results in increased social dependence, restricted daily activities, reduced self-confidence, and increased risk of falls. Controlling balance depends on the integration of afferent information from the vestibular, visual, and sensory systems. When the activity of one of the systems involved in postural control is reduced or completely lost, decreased performance occurs in other mechanisms involved in postural control. The importance of examining visual dependence and recovery of balance strategy in different ranges of ankle injuries has not been studied so far. The present research revealed that removing visual feedback in all groups (chronic ankle instability, Coper, prone to ankle injury, and healthy), the amount of ankle sways, hip sways, and the ratio of hip to ankle sways in both anterior and posterior disturbance was more than the state of open eyes. Ankle injuries can play an important role in transferring balance recovery strategies from the ankle to the hip and provide the basis for reducing the balance ability in athletes. Therefore, special attention should be paid to balance recovery strategies and factors affecting it in athletes with ankle injuries to control posture in training plans for ankle sprain rehabilitation.

Article type: Original Research Articles | Subject: Clinical sciences
Received: 2022/11/19 | Accepted: 2023/08/19 | Published: 2024/03/1

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