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The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal (IRJ) invites research papers on the genetic basis of single gene and complex disorders. This vastly dynamic branch of science will complement the multidisciplinary wealth of expertise in the fields of social welfare and rehabilitation. The past few years have witnessed outstanding research projects on the genetic causes of numerous debilitating disorders, such as intellectual disability, deafness, and blindness. Those achievements are largely indebted to the next generation exome sequencing technologies. Exome sequencing detects variants in coding exons, and can expand the target to include untranslated regions (UTRs) and microRNA to present a more comprehensive view of gene regulation. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) determines variations of all coding regions, or exons, of known genes. Once beyond imagination and reach, WES promises to revolutionize the perspective of a wide range of applications, including population genetics, medical genetics, and cancer studies.