Volume 16, Issue 3 (September 2018)                   Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2018, 16(3): 317-324 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ashori M, Zarghami E, Ghaforian M, Jalil-Abkenar S S. The Effect of Sensory Integration on the Attention and Motor Skills of Students With Down Syndrome. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2018; 16 (3) :317-324
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.html
The Effect of Sensory Integration on the Attention and Motor Skills of Students With Down Syndrome
Mohammad Ashori * 1, Elham Zarghami2 , Mohsen Ghaforian3 , Seyyedeh Somayyeh Jalil-Abkenar4
1- Department of Psychology and Education of Students with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
2- Department of Psychology, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
3- Department of Psychology and Education of Students with Special Needs, University of Farhangian, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Psychology & Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:   (6834 Views)
Objectives: Sensory integration training plays a crucial role on the attention span and motor skills of students with Down syndrome. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of sensory integration training on the attention span and motor skills of students with Down syndrome. 
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest, posttest design and control group. Participants were 28 male students with Down syndrome from two exceptional schools in Tehran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method. Students were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups and each group consisted of 14 students. A 10-session sensory integration training was provided to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive this training. The Stroop color-word test and Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency were used for measuring the attention span and motor skills of the students. The obtained data were analyzed using MANCOVA.
Results: MANCOVA indicated a significant difference between the attention span and motor skills in the experimental group after the training sessions (P<0.0001).
Discussion: Sensory integration training led to the improvement of attention span and motor skills of students with Down syndrome. Therefore, Sensory integration training could have positive impacts on the attention span and motor skills of students with Down syndrome.
Keywords: Attention, Motor skills, Down Syndrome
Full-Text [PDF 554 kb]   (3739 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (1990 Views)  
Article type: Original Research Articles | Subject: Psychology
Received: 2018/02/10 | Accepted: 2018/06/26 | Published: 2018/09/1
References
1. Adibsereshki N, Abkenar SJ, Ashoori M, Mirzamani M. The effectiveness of using reinforcements in the classroom on the academic achievement of students with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2015; 19(1):83-93. [PMID] [DOI:10.1177/1744629514559313] [PMID]
2. Kirk SA, Gallagher JJ, Coleman MR, Anastasiow NJ. Educating exceptional children. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning; 2015.
3. Ashori M, Jalil-Abkenr SS. [Students with special needs and inclusive education (Persian)]. Tehran: Roshd-e Farhang; 2016.
4. Hallahan DP, Kauffman JM, Pullen PC. Exceptional learners: an introduction to special education. London: Pearson Education; 2015.
5. Giagazoglou P, Arabatzi F, Dipla K, Liga M, Kellis E. Effect of a hippotherapy intervention program on static balance and strength in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2012; 33(6):2265-70. [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.004] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.004]
6. Top E. The Effect of Swimming Exercise on Motor Development Level in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2015; 3(5):85-9. [DOI: 10.12691/ajssm-3-5-1]
7. Hung CL, Huang CJ, Tsai YJ, Chang YK, Hung TM. Neuroelectric and behavioral effects of acute exercise on task switching in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016; 7:1589. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01589] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01589]
8. Amel E, Amira H. Effectiveness of sensory integration program in motor skills in children with autism. The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2015; 16(4):375-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.12.008] [DOI:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.12.008]
9. Gawali P, Jain S, Yeole U, Adkitte R, Gharote G. Gross motor deficits in cerebral palsy, autistic spectrum disorder, mental retardation, and Down syndrome children: A prevalence study. Saudi Journal for Health Sciences. 2017; 6(1):19-22. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_38_16]
10. Tolmie J. Fragile X Syndrome - diagnosis, treatment and research. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2002.
11. Hessl D, Berry-Kravis E, Cordeiro L, Yuhas J, Ornitz EM, Campbell A, et al. Prepulse inhibition in fragile X syndrome: feasibility, reliability, and implications for treatment. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2009; 150(4):545-53. [DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.30858] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.30858]
12. Yuhas J, Cordeiro L, Tassone F, Ballinger E, Schneider A, Long JM, et al. Brief report: Sensorimotor gating in idiopathic autism and autism associated with fragile X syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2011; 41(2):248-53. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-1040-9] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-1040-9]
13. Critz C, Blake K, Nogueira E. Sensory processing challenges in children. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2015; 11(7):710-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.04.016] [DOI:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.04.016]
14. Ayres A. Sensory integration and the child: Understanding hidden sensory challenges. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services; 2005.
15. Fa'al Moghanlo H, Hosseini FS, Mikaili Manee F. [Effect of spark motor program on the development of gross motor skills in intellectually disabled educable boys (Persian)]. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 20(3):262-70.
16. Nazarian Madvani A, Mokhtari Dinani M. [The effect of teaching on basic motor skills in boys' and girls' six years old of Tehran zone 9 and comparison with available norm of Tehran(Persian)]. Journal of Teaching Physical Education. 2011; 1(1):51-9.
17. Afrooz G, Ghasemzadeh S, Taziki T, Mohajerani M, Dalvand M. [Effectiveness of sensorimotor interventions to increase the attention span of students with learning disabilities (Persian)]. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2014; 4(1):23-37.
18. Hartshorn K, Olds L, Field T, Delage J, Cullen C, Escalona A. Creative movement therapy benefits children with autism. Early Childhood Development and Care. 2011; 166(1):1-5. [DOI:10.1080/0300443011660101] [DOI:10.1080/0300443011660101]
19. Sadati A, Sazmand AH, Mirzaee H, Karimlo M. [Investigation of gross motor activities effect on attention process of boy students with Down Syndrome who are 8 to 12 years old (Persian)]. Achieve of Rehabilitation. 2009; 10(3):31-7.
20. Sadati Firoozabadi S, Abasi S. [The effectiveness of sensorimotor integration in improving motor skills in students with learning disabilities (Persian)]. Motor Behavior. 2017; 8(26):105-18. [DOI:10.22089/mbj.2016.874]
21. Moon MS, Adelle R. Physical fitness and the mentally retarded: A critical review of the literature. The Journal of Special Education. 1982; 16(3):269-87. [DOI:10.1177/002246698201600304] [DOI:10.1177/002246698201600304]
22. Bouffard M. Movement problem solutions by educable mentally handicapped individuals. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 1990; 7(2):183-97. [DOI:10.1123/apaq.7.2.183] [DOI:10.1123/apaq.7.2.183]
23. Vuijk PJ, Hartman E, Scherder E, Visscher C. Motor performance of children with mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2010; 54(11):955-65. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01318.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01318.x]
24. Zarghi A, Zali A, Tehranidost M, Ashrafi F, Zarindast MR, Moazzezi M, et al. Assessment of selective attention with cscwt (computerized Stroop color-word test) among children and adults. US-China Education Review. 2012; 1(1):121-7.
25. Mashhadi A, Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaie K, Azadfallah P, Soltanifar A. [The comparison of response inhibition and interference control in ADHD and normal children (Persian)]. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2009; 1(2):37-50.
26. Antonis K, Nickos A. Construct validity of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency–short form for a sample of Greek preschool and primary school Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2006; 102(1):65-72. [DOI:10.2466/pms.102.1.65-75] [DOI:10.2466/pms.102.1.65-75]
27. Gallahue D, Ozmun J. Understanding motor development. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. [PMID] [PMID]
28. Shahbazi S, Rahmani M, Heyrani A. The effects of sensory-motor integration on balance and reaction time in children with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2016; 9(S3):1-9.
29. Parhoon K, Parhoon H, Movallali G. Effectiveness of training sensory stimulation on gross motor skills of 5-7 years old children with Down syndrome. International Journal of Academic Research in Psychology. 2014; 1(1):18-27. [DOI:10.6007/IJARP/v1-i1/722] [DOI:10.6007/IJARP/v1-i1/722]
30. Westendorp M, Houwen S, Hartman E, Visscher C. Are gross motor skills and sports participation related in children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(3):1147-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.009] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.009]
31. Surtchi H, Sazande AH, Karbalaei Nori A, Jadidi H. [Effect of Sensory Integration Therapy on Gross and Fine Motor Skills of 5-7 Years Old Children with Down Syndrome (Persian)]. Archives of Rehabilitation 2009; 9(2):35-40.
32. Shahshahani S, Sajedi F, Azari N, Vameghi R, Kazemnejad A, Tonekaboni SH. Evaluating the validity and reliability of PDQ-II and comparison with DDST-II for two step developmental screening. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2011; 21(3):343-9. [PMID] [PMID] [PMCID]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb