University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Effects of Occupational Therapy Interventions on Improving Play Performance in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review
221
230
EN
Minoo
Dabiri Golchin
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
minoodabiri@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-8881-6690
Hooshang
Mirzaie
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hooshang_mirzaie@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0001-7616-4288
Seyed Ali
Hosseini
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
alihosse@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4422-2161
10.32598/irj.19.3.761.2
Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder among neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with ADHD have serious difficulties in their playing patterns. This review aims at seeing occupational therapy interventions using to improve play among children with ADHD.
Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Elsevier) were searched. Rayyan QCRI online application was used for managing and screening the obtained data. The included articles were reviewed for their quality based on the Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine, research pyramid, CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials), and STARD (Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy) statement.
Results: A total of 104 articles were found after the search. After the screening and review process, six articles were included for the main review. Data extraction was done for these six articles (two randomized trial control and four non-randomized trial control studies).
Discussion: Play-based interventions could be effective for improving social play in ADHD when delivered by a therapist. For parent-delivered interventions, more studies with larger sample sizes are required.
Systematic review, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Play, Playthings, Occupational therapy
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1243-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1243-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Bilingualism and Cognitive and Auditory Processing: A Comprehensive Review
231
240
EN
Mahya
Sharifinik
Department of Audiology, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
mahyasharifinik@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-5955-6287
Mohsen
Ahadi
Department of Audiology, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
mohsenahadi@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-8591-2361
Vida
Rahimi
Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
vi.rahimi@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-1867-4735
10.32598/irj.19.3.1408.1
Objectives: Bilingualism and multilingualism are on the rise in many parts of the world. Learning and using other languages, in addition to the expected impact on language domains, can affect non-linguistic fields such as attention, working memory, cognitive control, and auditory processing. The objective of this study was a comprehensive review of the bilingual advantage and disadvantages with emphasis on its effect on the cognitive process and its relationship with auditory processing.
Methods: A total of 133 articles were initially found in this field. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the review, 84 related articles were entered into this study. Then we searched articles published 2005-2020 in Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keyword and MeSH terms were used in the search process: “bilingualism”, “cognitive process”, “auditory process”, and “auditory attention”.
Results: Studies showed that bilingualism not only has advantages in the linguistic domain but also affects the cognitive domain, especially auditory attention, auditory memory capacity, and inhibitory control. Also, it has a protective effect against cognitive decline in aging. Structural changes in the brain in bilinguals support these effects. Most studies reported that enhanced attentional requests of bilingual exchange amplify connectivity among cognitive functions like attentional rein and auditory processing. These effects create more constancy in the auditory evoked response in bilinguals.
Discussion: Learning foreign languages could provoke the autonomic sound processing capability of the auditory organ and make it highly efficient in challenging listening conditions. It also affects other cognitive processes such as auditory memory. However, a comprehensive framework for this relationship is still unknown, and further research is needed, especially to support neurophysiological evidence.
Bilingual, Auditory processing, Auditory attention, Memory, Alzheimer's disease
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1333-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1333-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Psychometric Properties of the Parent Section of Parent-Child Interaction Coding System
241
250
EN
Sanaz
Dehghani
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
s.dehgani1986@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4098-0977
Fariba
Yadegari
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
faribayadegari@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-7262-2920
Atieh
Ashtari
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
atieh.ashtarislp@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-1190-4649
Akbar
Biglarian
Department of Biostatistics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abiglarian@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-9776-7085
10.32598/irj.19.3.1129.1
Objectives: Most of the tests regarding parent-child interaction have dealt with this issue from the emotional-behavioral point of view; however, studying these interactions from a combined verbal-behavioral aspect requires a tool consistent with Iranian culture. Parent-Child interaction coding system–3rd edition (DPICS-III, 2009) is allotted to evaluate parent-child interaction. This study was conducted on mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children to translate, adapt to the Persian language, and determine the validity and reliability of the parent section of this test.
Methods: This research was descriptive-analytic with a non-experimental design. This test was adapted to the Persian language, and its face validity was examined to clarify the items. Moreover, the correlation between live and video observations of 10 mothers and children was evaluated to determine the validity of observations. Later on, the same rater reviewed the videos of 10 mothers—recorded for the correlation between live and video observations—again within a week for intra-rater reliability and verify the credibility of the rater. Moreover, the Spearman and interclass correlation coefficients were used to determine inter-rater reliability. Data analysis was done by calculating ICC, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: The translation process led to an appropriate version of the test in Persian language. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used for analysis. The correlation between live observation and video was significant (P<0.05, 1-0.74=spearman and P>0.05, 0.99-0.83=Pearson). The reliability of intra-rater was also high (P<0.05, 1-0.89=spearman and P>0.05, 0.99-0.87=Pearson). Furthermore, inter-rater reliability was also high (P<0.05, 0.99-0.81=spearman and P<0.05, 1-0.79=ICC).
Discussion: According to the study results, the parent section of DPICS is applicable in the Persian language with appropriate validity and reliability. This applicable test is either as live observation or video recording, with no differences.
Parent-child interaction, Adaptation, Validity, Culture, Language development
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1174-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1174-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Satisfaction and Competence With Telepractice Services in Pakistan Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: The Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perspective
251
260
EN
Sidra
Akram
Department of Speech Language Pathology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
sidra.akram14@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-7795-7199
Nazia
Mumtaz
Department of Speech Language Pathology, Faculty of Rehab & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad.
nmumtazslp@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-3198-6744
Nameeka
Shahid
Department of Speech Language Pathology, Riphah Inernational university, Lahore, Pakistan.
nameeka.shahid@riphah.edu.pk
N
0000-0001-6292-3722
Ghulam
Saqulain
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Capital Hospital PGMI, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
ghulam_saqulain@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-6452-9339
10.32598/irj.19.3.1335.3
Objectives: This study aimed to explore satisfaction and competency with telepractice services among Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) in Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study with a sample of 204 SLPs was conducted at Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, from August 2020 to December 2020. Our study recruited qualified SLPs of both genders, aged between 25 and 60 years, using a convenience sampling technique. Non-practicing SLPs and those holding administrative posts were excluded from this study. The “Service Provider Questionnaire for Telepractice” was used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22. The Chi-square and Pearson r correlation were used to detect any relationships between study variables, and P<0.05 was significant.
Results: The results showed that SLPs are pretty satisfied with using telepractice and building relationships with child/family, compared to face-to-face practice, and did not reveal significant differences (P=0.146 and P=0.882, respectively). Also, the competence of SLPs was good with telepractice; however, higher competence was noted with face-to-face practice, and the difference was statistically significant (r=0.165, P=0.018).
Discussion: Regarding satisfaction with the use of telepractice and relationship building with child/family, SLPs are pretty satisfied, though results did not differ significantly from face-to-face practice. However, for competence in providing services, the SLPs felt more competent with face-to-face practice than telepractice. Satisfaction using telepractice has an association with patient’s age and SLP’s experience and age, while satisfaction with relationships using telepractice is associated with SLP’s qualification and experience. Competence in providing telepractice is associated with patient’s age and SLP’S qualification, experience, and age.
Competence and satisfaction, COVID-19, Telepractice, Telehealth, Speech-language pathology
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1349-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1349-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Revisiting the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, a Comprehensive Model for Exploring Disablement in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Narrative Overview
261
272
EN
Surajo Kamilu
Sulaiman
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
sksulaiman.pth@buk.edu.ng
Y
0000-0003-3927-8627
Ashiru Hamza
Mohammad
Godiya Disability Inclusion and Development Initiative (GDID), Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
physioash@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-5063-7742
Aminu Alhassan
Ibrahim
Department of Physiotherapy, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria.
amenconafs@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-5711-1639
Sham’unu Isa
Abdu
Department of Physiotherapy, General Hospital Kazaure, Nigeria.
ask4saf@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-0516-1623
Bashir
Kaka
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
bkaka.pth@buk.edu.ng
N
0000-0001-9138-0675
10.32598/irj.19.3.1362.1
Objectives: To overcome the inherent limitations of the medical and social models of disability, the World Health Organization developed the first international conceptualization of disability: the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Despite the ICF’s robustness, it is still underutilized in research and practice in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This article discusses the applications, strengths, limitations, and unique considerations when using the ICF to explore disabilities in LMICs like Nigeria.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, AMED, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected if they reported on any of the development, structure, applications, strengths, and limitations of the ICF. The review draws from the selected articles using a narrative discussion.
Results: The literature search yielded 22 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The ICF is a classification of components of health and functioning, which views disability as an outcome of a dynamic interaction between a person’s health condition and contextual factors. The ICF was developed cross-culturally; thus, it is applicable in various socio-environmental contexts. However, despite its comprehensiveness, the ICF is criticized for lack of clear theoretical underpinnings, overlapping and redundant components, and absence of systematized personal factors.
Discussion: The ICF has brought a significant paradigm shift in the measurement of disability by explicitly recognizing the role of contextual factors in the incapacitation process and placing all health conditions on an equal footing. Hence, stakeholders in disability research and practice in LMICs need to prioritize the ICF over other disablement models.
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), Models of disability, Disability evaluation, Conceptual framework, Low- and middle-income countries
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1310-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1310-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Waist Circumference, a Clinical Measurement for the Activity of Transversus Abdominis
273
278
EN
Mojtaba
Kamyab
Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, California State University Dominguez Hills, USA.
mojtaba.kamyab@gmail.com
Y
0000-0003-1081-3083
Brendan
McHugh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom.
kamyab.m@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-3308-9315
Roy
Bowers
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Centre for Prosthetics and Orthotics, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom.
r.j.bowers@strath.ac.uk
N
0000-0002-1333-0207
10.32598/irj.19.3.1391.1
Objectives: Improving the timing and endurance of the deep abdominal muscles, notably transversus abdominis (TrA), is a known protocol for improving spinal stability. TrA is the deepest abdominal muscle, and monitoring its activity is a difficult task. Ultrasound and pressure biofeedback have been employed for monitoring the activity of TrA; however, these methods are expensive, not always available in all clinical settings, and their application requires formal training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a broadly known method, i.e., changes in the waist circumference, to monitor the activity of TrA.
Methods: The study was carried out on 14 subjects following a pilot study of 5 participants. The thickness of TrA measured by ultrasound was considered the standard indicator for activity of TrA and was compared with simuObjectives: Improving the timing and endurance of the deep abdominal muscles, notably transversus abdominis (TrA), is a known protocol for improving spinal stability. TrA is the deepest abdominal muscle, and monitoring its activity is a difficult task. Ultrasound and pressure biofeedback have been employed for monitoring the activity of TrA; however, these methods are expensive, not always available in all clinical settings, and their application requires formal training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a broadly known method, i.e., changes in the waist circumference, to monitor the activity of TrA.
Methods: The study was carried out on 14 subjects following a pilot study of 5 participants. The thickness of TrA measured by ultrasound was considered the standard indicator for activity of TrA and was compared with simultaneous measurement of waist circumference.
Results: A significant criterion validity between the thickness of TrA and the waist circumference was established (Pearson correlation=-0.71, P=0.001), indicating an inverse relationship between changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle and waist circumference.
Discussion: This result confirmed the hypothesis that changes in the waist circumference could be employed as a suitable indicator for the activity of TrA.ltaneous measurement of waist circumference.
Results: A significant criterion validity between the thickness of TrA and the waist circumference was established (Pearson correlation=-0.71, P=0.001), indicating an inverse relationship between changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle and waist circumference.
Discussion: This result confirmed the hypothesis that changes in the waist circumference could be employed as a suitable indicator for the activity of TrA.
Waist circumference, Clinical measurement, Transversus abdominis
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1321-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1321-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability Exercises on Balance and Walking Function in the Elderly
279
288
EN
Mohammad Hani
Mansori
Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
haninio74@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-9387-0843
Yousef
Moghadas Tabrizi
Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
moghadas@ut.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-4434-9082
Kamal
Mohammadkhani
Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
k.mohammadkhani@ut.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-7653-148X
10.32598/irj.19.3.1406.3
Objectives: Walking and balance control are determining factors in the independence of the elderly because they are the main components of daily physical activity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability (DNS) training on balance and gait function in the elderly.
Methods: This study had a pre-test/post-test design. It was a quasi-experimental study performed on 30 older men aged 60-70 years in Qom Province, Iran, in 2021. The elderly was randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Experimental Group (EG) participated in three 45-min sessions of dynamic neuromuscular stability training every week for 6 weeks, and the Control Group (CG) continued their normal daily routine. Berg balance scale (dynamic balance), modified stork stand (static balance), and temporal and spatial gait parameters were used to collect information before and after applying the training protocol. The obtained data were analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method and the paired t test.
Results: There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test in EG regarding the variables of dynamic balance, static balance (P=0.001), and gait function, but in the CG, no significant difference was observed for these variables (P>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the mean scores obtained in the balance and gait tests between the two groups (P<0.05), and EG performed better in the post-test.
Discussion: DNS training due to the great variety of movement in different parts of the body and the effect on improving strength, flexibility, range of motion, and physical fitness can also improve balance and gait function in the elderly. According to the present study results, one of the best ways to reduce the costs and physical, psychological, and social problems caused by aging is to use DNS training for the elderly.
Balance, Dynamic neuromuscular stability, Elderly, Gait, Postural control
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1381-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1381-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Periodontal Diseases and Dental Caries in Children With Cerebral Palsy
289
296
EN
Hamid
Dalvand
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hdalvand@sina.tums.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-2725-5081
Leila
Dehghan
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
leiladehghan85@gmail.com
Y
0000-0003-4454-5670
Hooshang
Dadgar
Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hdadgari@tums.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-8991-9782
Saman
Maroufizadeh
Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Samanmarouf@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-5794-3876
Sarvin
Sarmadi
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
ssarvin@tuma.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-0985-9554
10.32598/irj.19.3.1410.1
Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) affect the general health of the mouth and teeth. This study aimed to determine periodontal and dental diseases in children with CP based on gross motor function level, manual ability level, and subtypes of CP.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study performed on 123 children (3-18 years old) with CP referred to dentistry and rehabilitation centers supervised by Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2020. They were selected by the convenience sampling method. The children were classified according to the gross motor function classification system: expanded and revised (GMFCS-E&R) for their gross motor function level, according to the manual ability function classification system (MACS) and mini-MACS for the functioning of their hands in handling objects, and according to the quality and topographical pattern of motor impairment for subtypes of CP. The periodontal status of children with CP was evaluated according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization using the community periodontal index and for caries according to the decayed, missing, filled index. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS v. 16.
Results: The results showed significant differences between periodontal disease and sex, age, GMFCS-E&R, MACS, mini-MACS levels, and subtypes of CP (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between teeth diseases and oral motor skills with sex, age, MACS and mini-MACS, GMFCS-E&R levels, and subtypes of CP (P>0.05).
Discussion: Periodontal disease and decayed, missing, filled teeth are common problems in CP children, and the conditions worsen with age and level IV and V of GMFCS-E&R and MACS.
Cerebral palsy, Pediatrics, Periodontal disease, Decay, Missing, Filled tooth
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1403-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1403-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Addressing Bowel Dysfunction in Men Aging With Spinal Cord Injury
297
306
EN
Mohammadreza
Abed
Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
mohammadrezaabed777@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-6374-6115
Zohreh
Raeisi
Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
z.tadbir@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-0631-3409
Hasan
Rezaei-Jamalouei
Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
h.rezayi2@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-1524-1711
Mojtaba
Ansari Shahidi
Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
Dransarishahidi@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-3213-5164
10.32598/irj.19.3.1426.1
Objectives: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) increases the frequency and severity of bowel problems, especially for those who age with this injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a bowel management training program in patients aged with SCI.
Methods: A multiple-baseline single-case design of concurrent type was employed. Three male married patients with SCI whose ages ranged between 48 and 53, with a mean duration of 32 years after the injury, were recruited for this study from a rehabilitation center in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2020. An individualized 8-week bowel management training program was conducted. The patients’ bowel dysfunction was evaluated by Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction (NBD) score.
Results: The results were provided by the six features of single-case designs, namely immediacy of the effect, overlap, variability consistency of data patterns across similar phases, trend, and level, revealed the efficacy of the program in decreasing bowel dysfunction problems in men aging with SCI.
Discussion: Health care providers should know about the changes that might happen as an individual gets old with SCI to take preventive measures and reduce the harmful effects of aging, especially bowel dysfunction.
Bowel dysfunction, Aging, Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Comparing the Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation With and Without Ankle-foot Orthosis on the Balance and Walking Ability of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
307
314
EN
Parisa
Aslani
Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
parisa.aslani_op@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-9413-4928
Alireza
Khaghani
Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
khaghaniali@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-7585-3062
Taher
Babaee
Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
taher.to3@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-1487-2374
10.32598/irj.19.3.1474.1
Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is the second leading cause of nerve failure in young adults. One of the clinical manifestations of MS is impaired balance and gait. Ankle-foot Orthosis (AFO) and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) are the most common rehabilitation interventions to improve the patients’ gait and balance. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of using an FES system and an AFO equipped with FES on the gait and balance of patients with MS.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The patients were included in the study who were diagnosed with MS, had a score of lower than five on the expanded disability status scale, had a history of drop foot for at least three months, aged 20-50 years, and prescribed an AFO or FES, or both. The participants were asked to wear the FES system to evaluate their balance and ability to walk using the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). Then, the participants were asked to wear an AFO equipped with FES, and their balance and ability to walk were assessed again.
Results: The AFO equipped with FES provides more gait stability than FES alone condition (P <0.05). The ability of patients to use the FES alone was greater than using the AFO equipped with FES (P<0.05).
Discussion: The study results showed that the walking ability of MS patients using an FES system is greater than that of AFO equipped with FES. This outcome can be due to the difficulty and limiting effect of using an orthosis on their performance. However, the patient’s postural response during stepping back and forth in the condition of AFO equipped with the FES system was better than the FES system alone.
Multiple sclerosis, Ankle-foot orthosis, Functional electrical stimulation, Balance, Gait
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1365-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1365-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
The Effects of Intensive Speech Therapy on Non-oral Cleft Speech Characteristics and Quality of Life in Children With Cleft Palate
315
324
EN
Kowsar
Baghban
Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran.
baghban.kowsar@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-7202-2039
Fatemeh
Derakhshandeh
Craniofacial and Cleft Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
derakhshandeh@rehab.mui.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-0261-050X
Atoosa
Adibi
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
a_adibi@med.mui.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-4830-9552
Mohsen
Shati
Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
shatiepid@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-7738-2180
Fatemeh
Khanlar
Craniofacial and Cleft Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
f.khanlar@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-0075-1360
Fatemeh
Mostajeran
Craniofacial and Cleft Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
f.mostajeran@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-2495-7937
Talieh
Zarifian
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
t.zarifian@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-6067-829X
10.32598/irj.19.3.24.5
Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effects of speech intervention on Non-Oral Cleft Speech Characteristics (NCSCs), intelligibility, and Quality of Life (QoL), as well as the relationship between speech variables and QOL-related variables in intensive speech therapy among children with cleft palate.
Methods: This single-group pre-test and post-test clinical trial study was performed on 12 Persian-speaking children with cleft palate and NCSCs aged 3-7 years. For this purpose, we used 30 sessions of speech therapy and the Persian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PPedsQL). The pre-test and post-test assessments included perceptual assessment using the CAPS-A and QoL assessment using the Parent Proxy of the Persian version of the PPedsQL. The Wilcoxon’s test was applied to analyze group differences in the NCSCs, the intelligibility of speech, the total score of PPedsQL, physical, emotional, social, and school functions before and after providing the speech therapy.
Results: The obtained results indicated that the frequency of NCSCs, the intelligibility of speech, the total score of PPedsQL, and its subscales significantly improved after the intervention (P<0.001). However, physical function presented no significant change after intensive treatment (P= 0.15). Additionally, the frequency of NCSCs had a significant negative c with a total score of PPedsQL and subscales. The intelligibility of speech was significantly and positively related to the total score of PPedsQL and its subscales.
Discussion: This study demonstrated that intensive speech therapy was an effective approach in improving the intelligibility of speech and QoL in children with cleft palates. moreover, this study revealed that speech variables were significantly related to QoL variables.
Cleft palate, Children, Speech therapy, Quality of life, Non-Oral cleft speech characteristics
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1344-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1344-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Spontaneous Resorption of Spinal Disk Herniation and Its Adjacent-level Complications: A Case Report
325
330
EN
Kseniya
Yurku
Departmentof Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
kpredatko@mail.ru
Y
0000-0002-1973-1693
Sergey
Bondarev
Departmentof Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
sabondarev@yandex.ru
N
0000-0003-3912-4003
Irina
Lazareva
Departmentof Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
ialazareva@mail.ru
N
0000-0001-8378-2762
Tatiana
Krasavina
Departmentof Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
krasavina.t@mail.ru
N
0000-0002-2163-1552
Mark
Ivanov
Khimki Regional Hospital, Moscow Region, Moscow, Russia.
N
0000-0002-3361-4522
10.32598/irj.19.3.1204.1
Objectives: Symptoms associated with spinal disk herniation may heal without surgery. In some patients, imaging reveals a reduction in hernia size, too. This phenomenon is referred to as spontaneous regression of the herniated disk. It was first reported in 1984 and is widely covered in today’s research papers.
Case Presentation: This paper describes a case of spontaneous regression of lumbar disk herniation at L5-S1, where another disk was herniated at L4-L5 after only 8 months. The patient (F) sought help complaining of pain in the lumbar region. An MRI scan revealed a 6.2-mm hernia at L5-S1. The patient was prescribed conservative treatment comprising non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and kinesitherapy, to which she refused to adhere and decided to treat the condition on her own. Eight months later, the patient sought help again, reporting other symptoms of pronounced constant pain in the rear lateral surface of the left leg and lameness. A further MRI scan revealed spontaneous hernia resorption at L5-S1 with an emergent vacuum phenomenon and a different disk herniated at L4-L5 to 9.4 mm.
Discussion: Since the symptoms were pronounced and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not have a therapeutic effect, the patient required surgery.
Spinal disk herniation, Low back pain, Spontaneous resorption
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1219-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1219-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Post-traumatic Anton’s Syndrome and Its Rehabilitation Challenges: A Case Report
331
336
EN
Kavitha
Andiappan
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
kavitha_andiappan@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-3924-1712
10.32598/irj.19.3.1373.1
Objectives: Anton’s syndrome is a rare clinical phenomenon characterized by acquired cortical blindness without the self-awareness of blindness. Patients with this syndrome tend to deny their visual deficits. The literature on the rehabilitation of individuals with Anton’s syndrome is sparse.
Methods: We describe a 26-year-old patient who developed Anton’s syndrome in the background of anterior visual tract damage and multiple intracranial bleedings after traumatic brain injury. He presented with visual agnosia and confabulations that were only detected 2 months after trauma. He received 4 months of multidisciplinary rehabilitation care as an outpatient. His comprehensive program consisted of (a) compensatory strategies, (b) restorative strategies, and (c) counseling sessions. Although he showed significant improvement in terms of functional gain with rehabilitation, he still had visual deficits with occasional visual anosognosia that required 24-h supervision.
Conclusion: Anton’s syndrome in traumatic brain injury should not be overlooked. A prompt diagnosis is vital to initiate appropriate rehabilitation measures.
Rehabilitation, Anton’s syndrome, Traumatic brain injury
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1313-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1313-en.pdf
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
19
3
2021
9
1
Temperature-sensitive Recurrent, Reversible Auditory Neuropathy in Two Iranian Siblings
337
342
EN
Nasrin
Yazdani
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
nasrin_yazdani2000@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-1006-289x
Mohsen
Ahadi
Department of Audiology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
mohsenahadi@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-8591-2361
10.32598/irj.19.3.1411.1
Two sibling cases with a temperature-sensitive form of auditory neuropathy from a consanguineous marriage of Iranian descent have been described. They complained about the temporary loss of hearing and compromised speech comprehension after a slight fever or elevating the body temperature by vigorous exercises. A series of tests including brain MRI, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry in quiet and noise, tympanometry, reflexometry, TEOAEs, cochlear microphonic, and ABR were performed in a 24-hours interval at both febrile and afebrile states, and results are reported here. This report is the first example of temperature-sensitive auditory neuropathy in this geographical region.
Auditory neuropathy, Temperature-sensitive, Case reports, Consanguineous marriage
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1433-en.html
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1433-en.pdf