en مطالعات اعتیاد Addiction پژوهشي Original Research Articles <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction:</span></span></span></b><span class="fontstyle01" serif="" style="font-family:AdvPSA5E1,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> &nbsp;cognitive impairments (CIs) are prevalent among drug users. Some studies have shown that substance users with CIs are likely to be involved in high-risk sexual behavior.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <span class="fontstyle01" serif="" style="font-family:AdvPSA5E1,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The primary aim of our study was to determine the Causal association between cognitive impairments and risk behaviors in people substance users in Iran.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Method:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> &nbsp;we applied a cross-sectional study among substance users between <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="background:yellow"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Jun 2022 and March 2023</span></span></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span> Samples were recruited using snowball sampling and convenient sampling in 4 cities in Iran. Data collection was performed by trained interviewers. For data analysis coarsened exact matching (CEM) was applied to examine the causal association between CIs on injection and sexual risk behaviors.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Result </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: The result of final multivariable regression model &nbsp;reveled that substance abusers with CIs were more likely to have &nbsp;unprotected sex in three past month as compared to abusers without CIs status (OR: 2.3 95% CI: 1.4, 4.7).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; coarsened exact matching, cognitive impairments (CIs), Causal association 0 0 http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-751-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehdi Noroozi noroozimehdi04@gmail.com No Mohammad Esmaiel Motlagh Mohammadmotlagh25@gmail.com Yes Omid Massah om.massah@uswr.ac.ir No Sara Sarmadi sara@gmail,com No Rosa Alikhani rosa.alikhani@gmail.com No Fardin Alipour barbodalipour@gmail.com No Ameneh Pooresmaeil Dorosteh am.pooresmaeili@gmail.com No