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• The postconcussion syndrome is a common clinical condition among athletes involved in collision sports.
• Manual therapies can be a better alternative in managing symptoms of postconcussion syndrome.
• There is a shortage of research evaluating the effect of manual therapeutic techniques in managing the symptoms observed in individuals following postconcussion syndrome.

Plain Language Summary 
The postconcussion syndrome can last up to several months, negatively affecting athletic performance. In non-athletic populations, it also causes considerable interference and challenges in normal daily activities. Therefore, this clinical condition needs to be addressed by proper treatment interventions. Although systematic reviews have been performed earlier evaluating the effect of rest, pharmacotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy, few studies have been done on manual therapy. This systematic review has found few studies in this area. Their results suggest that manual treatments like lymphatic drainage, visceral manipulation, craniosacral therapy, and neural manipulation can provide substantial relief in the symptoms of postconcussion syndrome.

 The Holy Qur’an recitation therapy could alleviate cognitive and psychological dysfunction in patients in intensive care units.
• We studied when and how long the Holy Qur’an recitation therapy could give effective results.

Plain Language Summary 
We reviewed the last 10 years’ published articles about how the Holy Qur’an recitation therapy has affected critically-ill patients’ physiological, cognitive, and psychological functions based on the duration, starting time, and the patient’s conscious level. Listening to the Holy Qur’an recitation for about 30 minutes turns out to have improved heart and lung function, decreased stress levels, and reduced patients’ pain levels.

 Considering the social anxiety disorder (SAD) prevalence in society, especially among nurses, and the complications caused by it for the progress of people and society, taking this disorder into account and finding a more successful approach to its treatment is necessary.
• Even though the effects of separately using psychodrama therapy and ACT have been proven on the symptoms of SAD, combining both therapies increases their impacts.
• Psychotherapists are suggested to apply this approach to treat the disorder of social anxiety of clients, their quality of life, and social interactions.

Plain Language Summary 
Panic, stress, and avoidance of social relationships are social panic or anxiety, which should be investigated attentively. When it prevents daily tasks, this disorder becomes a social disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a good treatment method for stress. This approach has been found as a part of the third generation of psychotherapeutic interventions, and it tries to treat the mental relationships of people with their ideas and sentiments rather than transforming them. So, this research was performed to assess the impact of ACT and psychodrama therapy on nurses’ social anxiety. Our randomized trial research was performed at Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences in 2017 with a pre-test-post-test design. The number of participants was 48. They were randomly selected from nurses with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) referred to the university counseling center and entered into 4 groups with 12 members in each group (an intervention group and 3 control groups). The intervention group received a combination of psychotherapeutic therapies and participated in twelve 90-minute treatment sessions (2 meetings every week). The control groups were provided therapy based on psychodrama, ACT, and no treatment. Data collection was done by Connor’s social anxiety questionnaire (2000). Data analysis was done by analyses of variance and covariance. Considering the social anxiety prevalence in society, especially among nurses, and the complications caused by it for the progress of people and society, taking this disorder into account and finding a more successful approach to treat it seems necessary. Although separately using psychodrama therapy and ACT has been publicized to have an important impact on SAD symptoms, the use of the two approaches together intensifies their powerful impacts even more. So, individuals participating in psychological health, like psychotherapists, are recommended to apply this protocol to treat the disorder of social anxiety of clients, their life quality, and social interactions.

 The incidence of lung cancer in Iran and Turkey are increasing, so following the example of successful countries in the implementation of tobacco tax program, especially cigarettes can be shared taxes by the health sector, especially for preventive activity. 
• Such as implementing educational and cultural programs to reduce smoking and lung cancer screening and new diagnostic methods for lung cancer.

Plain Language Summary 
Lung cancer is the deadliest and the costliest cancer in the world. In this study, we compared the situation of this disease in several countries by considering the most important risk factor of lung cancer (smoking). England, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 46, has the highest rate of lung cancer, and Iran, with an ASR of 21, has the lowest rate. Turkey has the highest percentage of smokers (29.3%), and the lowest percentage belongs to Iran (20%). Regarding the growing trend of the ASR index, lung cancer in Iran and Turkey has had an upward trend but a downward trend in England and the United States. Taxes on cigarettes are a significant factor in smoking reduction. Among these 4 countries, the lowest taxes on cigarettes belong to Iran (4.83%). The result of this study shows that the incidence of lung cancer in Iran is rising, so following successful countries in imposing taxes on cigarettes can be an effective step to reduce smoking. Training programs, cultural improvement, and new diagnostic methods can also be useful in reducing lung cancer ASR.

The research samples scored just like “the majority of others” in most areas of sensory processing. 
• A high sensory sensitivity leads to intolerance in school children. 
• Low sensory seeking leads to “less than others” scores in movement items.

Plain Language Summary 
The results of this study show that children under 14 years of age are just like others in most areas of sensory processing (except for two quadrants, one sensory section and the school factor). So, determining the characteristics of children’s sensory processing allows occupational therapists to use their specialized knowledge in sensory interventions to perform sensory integration interventions and adapt activities and environments to enable the participation of these children in different areas of life.

 Oral motor therapy is appropriate for infants to attain breastfeeding; however, due to the natural growth and development of the infant, some breastfeeding skills are obtained without it. 
• Both the 5-minute premature infant oral motor intervention and the 15-minute oral stimulation program have shown their effectiveness in infants; however, the longer the oral motor therapy time the infants had, the more likely they were to breastfeed successfully. 
• Our study has shown the effectiveness of the 5-minute and 15-minute treatment protocol for feeding efficiency in infants.

Plain Language Summary 
The current study compared the length of therapy on breastfeeding attainment between the 5-minute premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) and 15-minute oral stimulation program in early-term and full-term infants. The results have shown that the infants in the 15-minute oral stimulation program group showed a greater improvement in feeding compared to both the PIOMI and the control groups. The PIOMI group also showed improvements, indicating that both therapies improved feeding skills compared to the control group. These results suggest that the longer treatment of the 15-minute oral stimulation program had a greater effect than the shorter therapy of the 5-minute PIOMI.

• Individuals with asymmetrical hand function are at a greater risk of injury. 
• Training with mirror therapy on a 9-hole pegboard is quick and effective, and effects are immediately seen after training. 
• Mirror therapy can increase job efficacy in various settings and prevent injury in individuals with a major handicap in using both hands.

Plain Language Summary 
In general, our hands are used differently. The dominant hand is more accurate and adept at being used than the non-dominant one. As a result, there is a risk of injuring the non-dominant hand when performing tasks requiring simultaneous accuracy from both hands. This outcome may yield less effective work. The accuracy of the non-dominant hand was enhanced immediately following pegboard training using a mirror, making both hands’ functions more accurate. This result was accomplished by practicing hand function for a short period while looking in the mirror. In this way, the opposite side of the brain is stimulated, increasing the ability of the opposing hand to be more precise.

Amputees in the present study showed a poor quality of life (QoL) related to age, gender, marital status, occupation, income, reason, and duration of amputation.
• QoL significantly improved with the factors of age (50-69 years), male gender, being married, retired occupation, sufficient income, having sons, and having upper extremities war amputated for less than 5 years.

Plain Language Summary 
The amputees’ group is an important population that needs all the care and attention of the community, including family, relatives, friends, school, media, and culture, as well as healthcare institutions, organizations, and individuals. To support this group, it is essential to start substantial changes in various aspects of life and other social institutions.

There is a significant association between upper extremity impairment and trunk control in post-stroke patients. 
• A strong significant association was found between upper extremity impairment and the risk of falls in post-stroke patients.
• The upper extremity impairment and level of mobility were significantly associated with post-stroke patients.

Plain Language Summary
Stroke survivors face many complications, such as motor impairment, trunk control, abnormal sensation, and balance loss which causes limitations in their daily life activities. Motor impairment limits their walking ability, and social participation, thereby decreasing their chances of returning to professional work. After-stroke trunk control is an important early predictor of daily life activities. In addition, about one-fifth of stroke survivors have a marked decrease in mobility. This study analyzed 166 patients to find the impact of impaired upper limb motor function on trunk control and mobility in chronic post-stroke patients so that the upper limb function should be enhanced as a core component of rehabilitation. The result of this study showed that upper limb impairment in stroke patients is significantly associated with impaired trunk control, risk of falls, and mobility. Furthermore, these findings suggest that stroke survivors with upper extremity impairment may use therapeutic intervention to minimize falls and enhance postural balance and trunk control.

This study confirmed that fall, pressure ulcer, and hospital-acquired infection were major contributors to AEs in the rehabilitation hospital. 
• To improve the quality of care and reduce patient safety costs, the focus should be on reducing the incidence of ulcer, fall, and hospital-acquired infection during hospitalization.

Plain Language Summary 
Adverse events (AEs) occur frequently in our medical system. AEs in rehabilitation hospitals can negatively affect patient satisfaction and trust, in addition to increasing healthcare-related costs. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and nature of AEs and also provide suggestions on how to prevent AEs recurrence in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital in Iran. The study’s findings showed that patient fall, pressure ulcer, and hospital-acquired infection as the most common types of preventable AEs in the rehabilitation hospital.

 Psychological factors, such as psychological flexibility, mindful ability, and self-compassion have a significant relationship with the severity of depression in patients with mood disorders.
• Mindful ability and gender are respectively the best predictors of depression.
• Psychological flexibility is not a good predictor of the severity of depression. 

Plain Language Summary 
The ability to accept and have a non-judgmental attitude toward thoughts, feelings, and experiences in our life (mindfulness ability and acceptance) as well as kindness to ourselves (self-compassion) affects the severity of depression. A total of 80 patients with mood disorders who experienced depression and hospitalization filled out the questionnaires that measured their mindful ability, acceptance, and self-compassion. The results of the study showed that patients who have less non-judgmental attitudes toward internal experiences (such as thoughts and feelings) and external events (such as daily activities) have higher severity of depression. Also, females experience more depression compared to men.

 The addition of retro-walking to conventional treatment for both 2 and 4 weeks can decrease low back pain.
• The flexibility of the lumbar region and hamstring can be improved after following retro-walking protocol both for 2 and 4 weeks.
• Physical function in non-specific lower back pain patients can be improved after adding retro-walking to conventional treatment.

Plain Language Summary
Non-specific pain in the lower back is one of the most significant issues for the public health system. Almost all adult individuals are affected by the problem of pain in their back at least once during their lifespan. Moving ability in a backward direction is vital for daily life and an individual can adapt to this activity without any difficulty. It could be a source of significant improvement in symptoms in patients with back pain and be performed independently without the requirement of supervised care. The current study investigated its effect in addition to conventional treatment in pain, physical function, and flexibility in lower back pain patients. The results showed that retro-walking decreased pain and improved flexibility and physical function after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.

Cognitive rehabilitation can positively affect memory performance.
• Cognitive rehabilitation interventions effectively reduce cognitive deficits in the elderly.
• Using cognitive rehabilitation intervention reduces Alzheimer-related disorders in the elderly.

Plain Language Summary 
The planning of dementia treatment is based on the Montessori method which stimulates brain nerve cells and strengthens synaptic connections to improve cognitive status, establish the interaction of emotions, arouse positive emotions, reduce anxiety and restlessness, alleviate depression, lessen behavioral problems, and boost self-confidence. The findings of the current study can be explained using the cognitive empowerment theory. These exercises are based on the hypothesis that stimulating the flexibility of a modular system can improve cognitive abilities. As a result, by facilitating the phenomenon of plasticity and using repeated exercises, improvements in attention and memory are obtained.

This study investigates risk factors affecting the acceptance of cosmetic surgery among Iranian women. 
• We investigated the relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and body image.
• The study also investigated outcomes expectancies as the mediating variable. 

Plain Language Summary 
Cosmetic surgeries have dramatically increased among Iranian women. Considering that these surgeries can have risks to mental and physical health in women, it is important to find risk factors of women′s decision-making in Iranian society. In this study, we assumed gender role attitudes and body image as key risk factors. Also, the role of mediator variables was investigated in a structural model. According to the model, the relationship between gender role attitudes and different dimensions of body image can lead to acceptance of cosmetic surgeries, and outcomes expectancies may mediate these relations.

• The main characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are inconsistency in interpersonal relationships, self-concept, emotions, and impulsivity.
• Two basic components of BPD psychopathology are mental pain and difficulty in emotion regulation.
• Mental pain is a negative sense of self due to losses and trauma.
• High levels of mental pain, depression, negative dimensions of self-compassion, and frequent use of maladaptive cognitive strategies of emotion regulation correlate with the severity of BPD symptoms.

Plain Language Summary 
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common personality disorder that causes many problems in important areas of life, such as interpersonal and family relationships. BPD is associated with difficulty in regulating emotion, self-harm behaviors such as suicide attempts and self-injury, impulsivity, and problems in identity structure. BPD may be due to traumatic experiences and maladaptive attachment styles in childhood, interpersonal sensitivity, difficulties in social cognition, and irregularities in emotion regulation. Different factors can play a role in the severity of the symptoms these people experience. This study aims to predict BPD symptoms based on cognitive emotion regulation, mental pain, depression, and self-compassion in a nonclinical sample. The severity of mental pain, depression, and using maladaptive cognitive strategies of emotion regulation such as catastrophizing, self-blame, other blame, and rumination are associated with increased symptoms. Also, the lower the self-compassion components, such as common humanity, self-kindness, and mindfulness, the more severe the symptoms of BPD. Different treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical therapy, schema therapy, and mentalization-based therapy, can reduce the severity of symptoms in these people.

It is necessary to pay attention to factors that determine income poverty among older adults, such as income sources from public transfers and work, coverage of targeted pensions, etc.
• It is essential to expand government spending on the elderly’s affairs and increase the net pension replacement rate to reduce poverty among older people and improve their welfare.
• It is important to pay particular attention to the variables of gender and age in social policies for old age.
• A basic old-age pension to prevent the socioeconomic consequences of old-age poverty is recommended.
• It is essential to provide social rehabilitation and social support services for vulnerable groups of older adults.

Plain Language Summary 
Income poverty is one of the most important problems among older adults in any society and investigating determinants of income poverty among older adults based on the experiences of countries can help social policies on aging and poverty; namely, social policies that reduce poverty and improve the welfare and quality of life among older adults. The results showed that income poverty was significantly higher among older women compared to older men. Also, the income poverty of the old-old group was higher than that of the young-old group. Based on the results, raising the share of government spending on older adults’ affairs is suggested and can be highly effective in preventing poverty among older adults. It is recommended to consider a basic old-age pension to prevent the socioeconomic consequences of old-age poverty. In addition, the improvement of retirement pensions and social support for older persons is crucial in preventing poverty and improving the welfare of older adults. Finally, considering the high prevalence of income poverty in old age, it is necessary to provide social rehabilitation and social support services for older adults (especially vulnerable groups and old-old) to improve their lifestyle, behaviors, and economic empowerment.

• Under cognitive rehabilitation, play therapy impacted the omitted and commission error variables and could reduce them.
• Play therapy can be an effective method for gaining people’s attention.

Plain Language Summary 
Non-pharmacological methods, such as play therapy, have received attention in recent years to improve student cognitive rehabilitation. Play therapy interventions can be used to effectively increase people’s attention.

This study investigated the challenges encountered to implement telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• This study demonstrates the steps taken to enhance telerehabilitation services in a tertiary care center.
• Results show telerehabilitation as a feasible form of delivering clinical services.

Plain Language Summary 
Telerehabilitation refers to the use of information and communication technologies to provide rehabilitation to patients at home or in other similar environments. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic, rehabilitation professionals had to shift from the face-to-face method of therapy to telerehabilitation, as it was the first time for most of them. This article discusses the steps taken at a tertiary care center (National Institute of Speech and Hearing [NISH]) in Kerala, India to overcome the barriers and expand the opportunities for telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 outbreak. An average of 1000 clients were monthly served through telerehabilitation at NISH. The feedback collected from the clients and caretakers revealed that the majority of the patients were satisfied with the telerehabilitation provided at the center. Accordingly, telerehabilitation was a feasible strategy during the COVID-19 outbreak to supplement in-person clinical services.