eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
3
7
article
A Study in Depression Levels among Mothers of Disabled Children
Seyed Hadi Motamedi
1
Reza Seyednour
2
Morteza Noori Khajavi
3
Susan Afghah
4
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: The global prevalence of lifetime depression is very high among women in the world–approximately 12-25 percent. The global prevalence of disability is also very high and the estimated figure for the end of 2000 was put at around 300 million. The child’s disability stresses the mother the most, and this stress shows itself in the form of depression, and causes the mother’s performance or function to drop, and thus has a negative effect on the child’s treatment.
Methods: The research is of the analytical kind (cross sectional), and as well as depression other demographic items are reviewed. The sample study volume is one hundred mothers of disabled children who went to one of the rehabilitation centers of the provincial town of Karaj between 2002 and 2006. The tools for this study is the standardised beck depression scale, and the test data was broken down and analysed by (chi square) and the SPSS software.
Results: The results of this study indicated that 73% of mothers, had degrees of depression, and approximately 21% of them suffered from severe depression, and out of all the variables, there was a significant relationship only between the mothers’ depression and the children’s type of disability.
Discussion: The results of this study indicated that the depression levels among mothers of disabled children were equal to 3-5 of the global range, and in view of the negative effects that the mothers’ depression have on the recuperation process of the children, the necessity to support parents with disabled children –which would to a large extent reduce the stress levels– is felt more than before.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-13-en.pdf
Depression
Mothers
Disabled children
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
8
11
article
A Universal Newborn Hearing Screening in Iran
Younes Lotfi
1
Gita Movallali
2
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: In September 2002 University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences established a pilot universal newborn hearing screening program in two crowded maternity hospital in Tehran. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of implementing universal newborn hearing screening in IRAN.
Methods: Between September 2002 and March 2004 a total of 7718 newborns were screened for hearing loss prior to discharge from the wellborn nursery at Milad and Hedayat Hospitals. The average age of the subjects at the initial Screening test was 24 hours. The program employed a three-stage hearing screening protocol using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) screening with referral for diagnostic auditory brainstem response assessment.
Results: The overall pass rate at the time of hospital discharge was 92.3%, thus achieving an acceptable referral rate of 7.7% for diagnostic audiological assessments. Nine newborns were identified with permanent unilateral hearing impairment. Newborns identified with bilateral hearing loss were immediately referred to the SABA center for hearing aid assessment and fitting. Newborns as young as 5 weeks old were successfully fitted with hearing instruments and enrolled in the family center early intervention program at the SABA center.
Discussion: The frequency of bilateral congenital hearing loss requiring amplification in this population is shown to be approximately 0.001 newborns. This finding is consistent with previous researches, which have indicated hearing loss to be the most frequently occurring birth defect. Universal newborn hearing screening using TEOAEs proved to be a cost effective and feasible method of identifying congenital hearing loss in IRAN. The existence of many successful screening programs worldwide and the availability of fast, objective, reliable and inexpensive hearing screening procedures mean that universal neonatal hearing screening is becoming one of the standards of care.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf
Congenital hearing impairments
Hearing screenings
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
12
19
article
Dohsa Treatment to Improve Balance in Elderly People: An Evaluation of a Family-Based Rehabilitation Programme
Asghar Dadkhah
1
Susumu Harizuka
2
Farin Soleimani
3
Sahel Hemmati
4
Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan.
Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: In this research we evaluate an individually family-based Dohsa exercise programme of balance in the aged people and its effect on self confidence for performing common daily tasks with less falling could be influenced by training.
Methods: From a residential care center, five aged person were participated in this study. They were trained by Dohsa method for six weeks. Two types of Dohsa-hou were used: Relaxation and Tate-kei. Tate-kei was the task which required them to control their body vertically against gravity.
Results: The results indicated that most of them had improved their balance and their confidence for doing their daily activities without falling in a better way.
Discussion: The Dohsa family based rehabilitation program could improve their balance and increase their activity by not falling down. The family based programme can be a useful program for rehabilitation therapists in their therapy with aged people to improve their life skills and well beings.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-15-en.pdf
Dohsa family based program
Elderly people
Balance improvement
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
20
23
article
Efficacy of Prone Lumbar Traction on Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain and Disability
Mahmoud Beyki
1
Mohsen Abedi
2
Farin Soleimani
3
Mohammaad Mousavi
4
Reza Roghani
5
Baghiatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Baghiatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: To compare the outcomes of prone and supine lumbar traction in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain.
Methods: The test was prospective and randomized control trial. The structure of trial was Urban Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic. Participants was included of A total of 124 subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP) and evidence of a degenerative and/or herniated inter-vertebral disk at 1 or more levels of the lumbar spine, who have not our exclusion criteria. There was A 4-week course of lumbar traction, prone or supine in case and control groups consecutively, consisting of six 30-minute sessions every other days, followed by four 30-minute sessions every 3 days. The numeric Visual pain rating scale and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed at pre-intervention and discharge (within 2 weeks of the last visit).
Results: A total of 124 subjects completed the treatment protocol. We noted significant improvements for all post-intervention outcome scores when compared with pre-intervention scores (P<0.01). Also found significant difference between 2 groups in favor of prone traction (P<0.01)
Discussion: Traction applied in the prone position for 4 weeks was associated with improvements in pain intensity and ODI scores at discharge, in a sample of patients with activity limiting LBP. However, because we lacked a reasonable long time follow-up, we cannot imply a long lasting relationship between the traction and outcome, and a long time follow-up is suggested.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-16-en.pdf
Back pain
Decompression
Inter-vertebral disk
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
24
29
article
Role of Internal and External Religious Beliefs in Mental Health and Rate of Depression in Elderly People
Fazel Bahrami
1
Abbas Farani
2
Jalal Younesi
3
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Tehran Institute of Psychiatrics and Center of Mental Health Research, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: The present research is aimed at surveying the role of (internal and external) religious orientation in the mental health and the extent of depression in elderly people residing in welfare centers and the society.
Methods: The study has been conducted through post-event and correlation method by using stochastic and cluster sampling in 230 cases of elderly people at senior citizens` homes, affiliated with the Welfare Organization, and public places (mosques and parks) which are gathering centers for the elderly people of society, both male and female. The cases were initially screened in terms of recognition complications. Then 28-question tests on general health and depression of Beck and Alport`s test on religious approach were completed and the results were analyzed by using Pierson and Manvitni`s dependent statistical tests.
Results: Results showed that there is a significant correlation between the religious orientation and depression of the elderly people. That is, the more the scores of external religious orientation rise, the more the scores of disorder in mental health and depression increase. There is also a meaningful difference between mental health, depression and religious orientation of the elderly people who are residence and non-residence of the society. That is, the elderly people who live in the centers enjoy a more external religious orientation and disorder of mental health and more depression as compared to the group of the elderly people residing in the society.
Discussion: The external religious belief has a correlation with disorder in the mental health and depression as well as internal religious belief. Moreover, mental disorders and depression among the resident elderly people are higher than non residents, while resident elderly people have a more external religious approach.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.pdf
Internal religion
External religion
Mental health
Depression
Older adult
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
30
33
article
Swedish Massage and Abnormal Reflexes of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Vida Alizad
1
Roshanak Vameghi
2
Firoozeh Sajedi
3
Farshid Alaeddini
4
Mohammad Hadian Jazy
5
Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Health Research and Development Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Massage therapy is one of the most widely used complementary and alternative medicine therapies for children. This study was conducted to determine the effect of wedish massage on abnormal reflexes in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods: This study was a single blind clinical trial conducted on forty children with spastic CP who were recruited from clinics of the University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The routine occupational therapy (OT) techniques were performed during a 3 month-period in both groups. The intervention group also received Swedish massage for 30 minutes before every OT session. Primary, spinal, brain stem, midbrain, cortical and automatic reflexes were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 3 months later. The data analysis was done by parametric and nonparametric tests.
Results: Finally, thirteen subjects in the intervention group and 14 subjects in the control group were remained and studied. The average ages in the intervention and control groups were 49.5 and 42.1 months respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in abnormal reflexes in the intervention group in comparison to the control (P>0.05).
Discussion: Adding Swedish massage to traditional OT techniques had no significant effects on abnormal reflexes in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Evidently more research is required in order to completely reject the effects of Swedish massage on abnormal reflexes of children with CP.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-18-en.pdf
Spastic cerebral palsy
Abnormal reflexes
Swedish massage
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
34
39
article
The Effect of Adding Homeopathic Treatment to Rehabilitation on Abnormal Reflexes of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Firoozeh Sajedi
1
Vida Alizad
2
Asghar Dadkhah
3
Mohammad Hadian Jazy
4
Pediatric Neuro-rehabilitation Research center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a static encephalopathy with abnormal reflexes that cause motor developmental delay. In addition to conventional methods, complementary medicine like homeopathy has been used in treatment of neuro-developmental disorders. This study has been done to determine the effect of adding homeopathic treatment to rehabilitation on abnormal reflexes of children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Methods: In this study by using minimization technique subjects were divided to case and control groups. The routine rehabilitation techniques were done in 4 months in both groups. The control group received placebo and the case group received homeopathy drugs. Primitive, spinal, brain stem, midbrain, cortical reflexes and automatic movement reaction in the beginning and the end of four months were assessed and compared in two groups. Data collected by assessment forms, direct observations and examinations.
Results: The average age in case and control groups was 28, 28.4 months respectively. Primitive reflexes: Palmar Grasp reflex in 14.3% of cases has improved but in control group has no differences (PV=0.681). Plantar Grasp and walking reflex in two groups before and after intervention have no differences (PV=1). Moro reflex in 28.6% of cases and 11.1% of controls improved (PV=0.408).
Discussion: Regarding to proved effects of homeopathy mentioned in different articles on physical status of children with CP as well as executive limitations, it is not possible to reject the effects of homeopathy on reflexes of children with CP.As homeopathy is young in Iran, it is recommended to make researches about effects of homeopathy on neurodevelopmental disorders.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-19-en.pdf
Spastic cerebral palsy
Abnormal reflexes
Homeopathy
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
41
46
article
A Glance on Diagnosis and Ttreatment of Profound Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Mojtaba Azimian
1
Ahmad Akbari Kamrani
2
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Multiple Sclerosis (M.S) is one of the prevalent diseases of the central nervous system which cause disability in young adults. This appears as neural signs in different parts and various times. The main defect is local deterioration or destruction of myelin tissue in the brain and spinal cord. Profound fatigue is one the most common symptoms of this disease. Because MS is prevalent in middle ages, so the presence of this symptom affects the life and activity of the patient In these ages people have high amount of activities and this functional disorder creates many difficulties for daily works in patient. For this reason, fatigue problem in patients, always, have caught the attention of researchers. Despite numerous studies, still the exact reason for producing fatigue have not been mentioned But several mechanisms have been discussed, such as: autoimmune mechanism of the disease, Involvement and disorder of endocrine system, involvement of central nervous system and de-synchronization of autonom system. Among these, autoimmune mechanism is considered as a main role in producing fatigue. Lack of proper knowledge regarding exact fatigue mechanism several problems in its treatment. Evaluation is the first step for controlling fatigue, which is done through various tests. Clear and proper evaluation can be obtained by these tests. After evaluation, non-drug and finally drug procedures are helpful. In non-drug treatment the focus is on: sport exercises, suitable diet program, identification and improvement of the patient psychotic disorders, energy conservation methods. Finally, the use of drugs such as Amantadine, Pemoline and Modafini is recommended for fatigue treatment.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-20-en.pdf
Multiple sclerosis
Fatigue
Diagnosis
Treatment
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
47
52
article
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability: Disability Inclusive Development and International Development Cooperation
Kozue Kay Nagata
1
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, USA.
The adoption of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a historical momentum for disabled persons and their associates, as well as ODA workers in the development cooperation field all over the world. For the last two decades, persons with disabilities, their associates and professionals working in this field have promoted their human rights, equality, nondiscrimination and full participation. This Convention is beyond the concept of non-discrimination, and it is very comprehensive in its structure, scope and coverage, promoting developmental activities too in order to realize disabled people’s socio-economic rights. Furthermore it calls for international and regional development cooperation. Prior to its adoption, in September 2000 at the Millennium Summit the Member States of the Untied Nations issued the Millennium Declaration, committing themselves to a series of development targets, most of which are to be achieved by 2015. Known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), they represent a framework for achieving sustainable and "just" human development through broadening the benefits of development for all categories individuals, women and men, the poor and the rich, the disabled and the non-disabled. The very first goal of the MDG is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty is both a cause and consequence of disability. Poverty and disability reinforce one another. Thus, it is necessary to ensure that persons with disabilities be an integral part of efforts to achieve MDGs, particularly in the areas of poverty alleviation, primary education, gender, employment and international development cooperation. In the Asian and Pacific region, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) has proclaimed two decades of disabled persons 1993-2002, and 2003-2013 (to which Iran became a signatory in 1994), and promoted the inclusive, barrier-free and rights-based society for persons with disabilities, together with a regional guidelines composed of several priorities and implementation mechanisms (including poverty alleviation of persons with disabilities, and regional and inter-regional cooperation).This article describes, form development cooperation perspective, the developmental characteristics of the Convention and highlights the convergence among the Convention, MDGs and the ESCAP decade’s goals contained in the Biwako Millennium Framework for Action (BMF).
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf
Disability
Human rights
Monterrey consensus
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
53
55
article
Rehabilitation of Schizophrenia: At the End or in the Beginning?
Farbod Fadai
1
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
The Majority of the long stay psychiatric patients who are in need of rehabilitation suffer from schizophrenia. Most of them enter the old age with this illness, and besides the consequences of schizophrenia, they are facing the deprivation and misery due to the old age. In contrast to the previous decades in which there was no effective treatment for schizophrenia, today with the immediate diagnosis of schizophrenia and its treatment with effective medications, we can prevent chronicity and resistance to the treatment. By these means, we can improve the prognosis and the quality of life of patients and their care givers. Sine last decade, the unfair discrimination of schizophrenic patients to chronic and non-chronic has lost its validity. It is widely recommended that instead of constructing the special and isolated hospitals for the mentally ill, psychiatric wards in the general hospitals be established. By all these efforts, the schizophrenics can have a better treatment and rehabilitation, and can be saved from the social and psychological consequences of staying in the isolated mental hospitals.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf
Schizophrenia
Rehabilitation
Isolation
eng
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
17353602
17353610
2007-09
5
1
56
59
article
The Role of Self-Esteem on Vocational Rehabilitation of People with Spinal Cord Injury
Seyed J Sadrossadat
1
L. Sadrossadat
2
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rehabilitation is the ongoing management of injuries and disabilities after an accident. It will help people to maximize the individuals` recovery through the relearning of skills or teaching of strategies to compensate for changed abilities. Self-esteem may be one major factor related to the manner in which people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) respond to rehabilitation. Following a short discussion on related concepts this article will report a study and conclude that, pertaining to vulnerabilities in self-esteem, the second year following SCI may be just as critical a time period as the initial one after the injury. If replicated, this finding is of potential importance in the rehabilitation field. For example, the majority of psychological services are currently available at the acute stage of injury. People with SCI are most often discharged from hospital when they are physiologically stable and physically deemed ready for the discharge. It is precisely at this point, however, that people with new SCI may have many questions and concerns their new role in the community. The current study suggests that perhaps practitioners need to make a more concerted effort in dealing with the psychological effects of SCI when difficulties may arise in the community.
http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf
Self-esteem
Vocational rehabilitation