@article{ author = {Pashmdarfard, Marzieh and MirzakhaniAraghi, Navi}, title = {Participation Assessment Scales for 4 to 18-Year-Old Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Objectives: Participation is defined as involvement in life situations and the ultimate outcome for individuals with disabilities. One of the most common causes of chronic disabilities that restrict individuals’ participation is cerebral palsy (CP). The main goal of rehabilitation is to empower clients’ participation in various life areas. To affect participation, assessing the outcomes in individuals with different health conditions is necessary. Accordingly, this study aims to overview the psychometric properties of participation assessment scales for 4 to 18-year-old individuals with CP. Methods: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was completed. The searched keywords included the following items: participation, cerebral palsy, ADL, IADL, education, play, leisure, social participation, rest/sleep, work, leisure, scale, assessment tools, activity, meaningful activity, purposeful activity, function, performance, creational activity, physical activity participation, recreational activity, self-care, mobility, and functional mobility. The inclusion criterion for articles was being published in a peer review journal from 2000 to 2020. Results: After examining the title, abstract, and full text, 22 articles were eligible to be included. Among 1482 studies, a total of 22 studies assessing the participation of children with CP in meaningful activities were included in this review.  Discussion: The psychometric properties of 8 outcome measures for 4 to 18-year-old individuals with CP were available and 5 assessment scales have the potential to be used for this population; however, the psychometric properties of these scales were unavailable.}, Keywords = {Cerebral palsy, Participation, Assessment, Children}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-138}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1483.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1371-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1371-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Alireza and Akbarfahimi, Nazila and Hosseini, Seyed Ali}, title = {The Correlation Between Leisure Participation and Parental Life Balance in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy and Their Typically Developing Peers}, abstract ={Objectives: Leisure participation is restricted among children with cerebral palsy (CP). This leads to adverse consequences on their health and well-being. Identifying the associated factors of leisure participation can help in planning interventions for its promotion. This study aims to investigate the correlation between leisure participation and parental life balance in children/adolescents with CP and their typically developing peers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021, in Bojnourd City, Iran. The target population of this study was children/adolescents with CP between the ages of 7 to 17 years. We recruited 68 children/adolescents with CP and 66 of their typical peers using the convenience sampling method. All children and adolescents completed the children’s participation and enjoyment questionnaire while their parents answered the life balance inventory questions.  Results: The Mean±SD age of children/adolescents with CP was 10.13±2.53, and 54.4% were boys. The mean age of typically developing children/adolescents was 10.50±2.98, and 54.5% were boys. In the CP group, the mothers’ life balance was correlated with the leisure participation of their children (P=0.01). Also, the fathers’ life balance was correlated with the leisure participation of their adolescents (P=0.01). The correlation between the mothers’ life balance and the leisure participation of their adolescents, and also between the father’s life balance and the leisure participation of their children was not significant (P>0.05) in the CP group. The leisure participation of typically developing children and adolescents was not correlated with their parental life balance (P>0.05). Discussion: The leisure participation of children and adolescents with CP was correlated with the life balance of their parents. Occupational therapists and other health professionals are advised to consider the parental life balance in their plans to promote the leisure participation of children and adolescents with CP.}, Keywords = {Adolescents, Cerebral palsy, Children, Leisure, Life balance}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-148}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.659.5}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1523-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1523-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza and Alavi, Seyyed Salman and GharaatiSotoudeh, Hossein and Khaleghi, Ali and Ahmadi, Nastaran and Hooshyari, Zahra and MohammadiKalhori, Soroush}, title = {Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Factors of Bipolar Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Identifying the Principal Predictors}, abstract ={Objectives: Our objective is to measure the prevalence of bipolar mood disorder (BMD) in Iranian children and adolescents and its comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. Also, the main purpose of this study is to characterize the main risk factors for BMD in children and adolescents. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. In a community-based study, we sampled 1000 children and adolescents from the age of 6 to 18 years in each province via the multistage cluster sampling method. The total valid sample size reached 29 812 cases. The instructed clinical psychologists completed the Persian version of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Furthermore, the demographic data were obtained. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, multinomial, and multiple logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate the relationships. Results: The total prevalence rates for BMD were 0.29%; it was 0.26% in males and 0.29% in females. BMD rates were larger in children and adolescents whose mothers had an occupation. Also, after controlling the effective variables (sex and age), location (rural or urban), the father’s education, and the psychiatric hospitalization of the mother or the father, none predicted BMD significantly. Moreover, patients with comorbidities showed a superior prevalence compared to those without comorbidities, ranging from 1.96% for posttraumatic stress disorder to 39.22% for the oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusion: BMD was more prevalent among women. The gender or the father’s education level was not the risk factor for BMD symptoms. Several factors, such as maternal education and maternal job were also important for the prevalence of BMD symptoms.}, Keywords = {Adolescents, Bipolar mood disorders, Child, Prevalence, Principal predictors, Socio-demographic factors}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-160}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.910.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1389-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1389-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghazi, Shamim and Jamali, Jamshid and Ghaemi, Hamed and Farzadfard, Mohammad Taghi and Ghaemi, Hamideh}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between the Dysphonia Severity Index and the Speech and Voice Severity of Parkinson Disease Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between dysphonia severity index (DSI), speech disease and voice severity of Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out on 45 randomly selected PD patients with the age range of 50 to 75 years. The Hoehn and Yahr scale (H.Y scale) was employed to measure the severity of PD. To measure the DSI, we required detecting the acoustic features of the voice, such as shimmer (dB), vital capacity (VC), semitone range (STR), and voice onset time (VOT); therefore, the participants were asked to produce the vowel /a/ three times for calculating the variables, i.e., STR, VOT, fundamental frequency (F0), second formant (F2), and shimmer (dB). Their voices were analyzed by the Praat software (version 6.0.23). F0 and F2 were utilized to calculate the STR. The VOT was assessed by analyzing the spectrograph of the syllable /pa/. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to understand the correlation between DSI scores and the stage of PD (Y.H scale); the P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant relationship was detected between severe DSI and the stage of PD. Meanwhile, the DSI score was statistically significant compared to the scores of the other four groups (P<0.05). Discussion: There was a significant relationship between the severity of voice changes in PD patients by DSI and the stage of their disease. Further studies in this field are needed considering that such information may be of cardinal importance for voice professionals to take early interventions, appropriate to the stage of PD.}, Keywords = {Parkinson disease, Dysphonia severity index, Disease severity, Voice}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {161-170}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1075.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1511-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1511-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shori, Gaurav and Raghava, Sachi}, title = {Effects of Right Sidelying Respiratory Left Adductor Pull Back Exercise on Improving Hip Biomechanics in Participants With a Tendency to Stand on Right Side}, abstract ={Objectives: A helpful functional exercise that tends to correct postural unevenness and attempts to re-establish lumbopelvic mechanics is beneficial for patients with postural impairment. This study evaluates the effects of right sidelying respiratory left adductor pull back exercise on improving hip biomechanics in participants with a tendency to stand on the right side. Methods: A total of 30 subjects (6 females and 24 males) with a Mean±SD age of 28.53±2.62 years, Mean±SD weight of 63.83±3.89 kg, and Mean±SD height of 165.8±3.97 cm were screened based on eligible criteria. Subjects had been randomly allocated into identical groups (Group I: n=15, Group II: n=15). Pre- and post-intervention, active and passive measurements of right and left hip internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, as well as active right and left hip shift were recorded. The intervention was provided to both groups twice a day for 3 weeks. Group I (experimental group) received stretching, strengthening, postural re-education, and right sidelying respiratory left adductor pull back exercise, whereas group II (control group) received only stretching, strengthening, and posture re-education. Results: Statistically significant differences were reported in both groups in the active and passive right and left hip lateral and medial rotation, and abduction range of motion (P<0.05), with right and left hip shift (P<0.05) following the intervention. However, the experimental group showed better improvement compared to the control group. Discussion: The results suggest that right sidelying respiratory left adductor pull back exercise is effective in improving hip biomechanics in participants with a tendency to stand on the right side.}, Keywords = {Postural balance, Exercise movement technique, Repositioning, Postural asymmetry}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {171-184}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1258.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1250-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1250-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {JalilzadehAfshari, Parisa and Lotfi, Younes and Moossavi, Abdollah and Bakhshi, Enayatollah and Sadjedi, Hame}, title = {Auditory Spectro-Temporal Modulation Training in Children With Auditory Processing Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: Auditory processing disorder (APD) is due to the deficits in perceptual processing of acoustic information in the auditory system, characterized by poor speech perception of noise, regardless of normal hearing. The variability in speech function of APD children can be partly explained by changes in the encoding of spectro-temporal modulations (STMs) which have been overlooked, despite their significance. Given that enhancing STM sensitivity and its processing can be an appropriate way to improve the listener’s ability to retrieve and integrate speech segments covered by noise, we decided to evaluate the effects of STM-based auditory training on speech perception in noise and the reliability of this training in children with APD. Methods: Thirty-five children with APD (8-12 years old) were randomly divided into the training (n=17) and control groups (n=18) to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of STM training on speech in noise perception. The intervention group was trained to detect STM by 120 trials every day for ten days. The STM detection thresholds and speech perception in noise were evaluated before and immediately after the finalization of formal training sessions in both groups. To address the training reliability, the tests were repeated one month after practice in the training group.  Results: Following the completion of STM auditory training, the trained APD children improved notably in STM detection tasks and speech in noise tests (P<0.05). The post-training progress of STM detection thresholds and consonant-vowel in the noise test was preserved for one month after training (P>0.05), but the word in the noise test, especially in the right ear, was not retained (P<0.05). Discussion: Auditory spectro-temporal modulation training can lead to better processing of STM modulation. Its effects can be generalized to higher-order processing, such as speech perception in noise. Auditory training based on STM processing enhancement can play an essential role in improving speech comprehension in the noise abilities of children with APD. }, Keywords = {Auditory processing disorder, Auditory training, Spectro-temporal modulation, Speech perception in noise}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-198}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1392.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Makkar, Mridul and Arumugam, Narkeesh and Midha, Divya and Sandhu, amanjit}, title = {Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Effective Treatment Compared to Video Games on Executive Functions in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) compared to video games on executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity children (ADHD). Methods: This was an unblinded randomized control trial study with ADHD participants recruited from various schools in Patiala District in Punjab, India. The participants were screened for ADHD using the NICHQ Vanderbilt assessment scale and then they were assessed for eligibility. The random allocation method was done for 61 participants and they were divided into two groups: the control group (video game only) and the intervention group (tDCS along with video game). tDCS was applied at the F3 (anode) and Fp2 (cathode) positions with 1 mA intensity for 20 min 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Pre-, mid-, and post- (day 0, 15, 30) intervention scores for the Raven progressive matrices, the Stroop test, and the trail making test were evaluated for all the participants. Results: The present study had 61 participants in the age range of 10 to 16 years. They were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate within-group differences and an unpaired t test was utilized for between-group analyses on different parameters with P<0.05 as the level of significance. Our analysis revealed that tDCS along with video games has a statistically significant effect on components of executive functions as evaluated via the Raven progressive matrices (t=2.483, P=0.01), the Stroop test (t=3.507, P=0.001) and the trail making test (TMT Part A: t=3.238, P=0.02; TMT Part B: t=4.064, P=0.000) compared to the control group. Discussion: When compared with video games, tDCS is effective in improving executive functions in children with ADHD. A randomized control trial with a larger sample size is needed to strengthen the findings of this study and overcome its limitations.}, Keywords = {ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Video game, tDCS, Executive function, Transcranial direct current stimulation}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {199-208}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1552.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1430-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1430-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Moghari, Mortaza and Rahemi, Zahra and Sadat, Zohreh and MirbagherAjorpaz, Ne}, title = {Effects of Aromatherapy Using Sour Lemon on Nausea in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Nausea is one of the most important symptoms of patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study aims to determine the effects of aromatherapy with sour lemon on nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to experimental and placebo (control) groups. The two groups completed the visual analogue scale for nausea before and the first to the fourth week after starting the intervention. The intervention was performed during chemotherapy. Using a dropper, a paper towel was saturated with 3 drops of sour lemon essential oil; however, for the control group, 3 mL of water as a placebo was spread on a paper towel. The intervention in the experimental and control groups was performed once a week for 4 weeks during weekly chemotherapy sessions.  Results: At the beginning of the study, no significant difference was observed between the mean score of nausea in the two groups (P>0.05). The first to the fourth week after starting the intervention, significant differences were observed between the mean score of nausea in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the mean score of nausea changed over time in the experimental group, indicating a gradual decrease in the mean score of nausea (P<0.05). Discussion: Our findings indicated that aromatherapy with sour lemon can be effective in reducing nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy.}, Keywords = {Aromatherapy, Nausea, Chemotherapy, Complementary therapies}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {209-216}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1567.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kenarangi, Taiebe and Bakhshi, Enayatolah and InanlooRahatloo, Kolsoum and Biglarian, Akbar}, title = {Identifying Gene Signature in RNA Sequencing Multiple Sclerosis Data}, abstract ={Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system disease; it is the result of a combination of genetic predispositions and a nongenetic trigger. This study aims to find the gene signatures using a Pareto optimization algorithm for MS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Methods: This case-control study involved 50 samples (25 MS patients and 25 age-matched healthy individuals) and their GSE profiles (GSE123496) were selected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. We used Pareto-optimal cluster size identification to find the gene signatures in the RNA-seq data. After prefiltering and normalizing the data, we used the Limma package to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Pareto-optimal cluster size for these DEGs was then determined using the technique, multi-objective optimization for collecting the clusters alternatives. Afterward, the RNA-seq data were clustered via k-means with suitable cluster size. The best cluster, as a signature, was found by calculating the mean of the Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) of whole genes in the module in a pairwise manner. All analysis was performed in the R software, 4.1.1 package, under virtual space with 100 GB RAM. Results: In total, 960 DEGs were identified by the Limma analysis. Among them, 720 were up-regulated genes and 240 were down-regulated genes. Meanwhile, 6 Pareto-optimal clusters were obtained. Two clusters that had the greatest average SCCs score (0.88 and 0.74, respectively) were chosen as the gene signatures. Discussion: A total of 9 metabolic prognostic genes and 3 biological pathways were identified. These can provide more potent prognostic information for MS patients.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Gene signature, K-means, Pareto optimal clustering, RNA-seq}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {217-224}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1606.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1470-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1470-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {MohammadiFerizi, Malihe and Aali, Shahrbanoo and Bigdeli, Imaanollah and RezaeiTalab, Fariborz and MoradiTavalaei, Arezoo}, title = {COVID-19 Pandemic and the Mental Health of Caregivers of the Elderly With Chronic Diseases}, abstract ={Objectives: The social support of caregivers is fundamental, and their quality of life, mental health, and the burden of caring are related to the social support they receive during their interaction with people. Because the coronavirus pandemic and related quarantine have affected people’s participation and social support, the caregivers’ lifestyle has changed, and they have become more isolated and lonely. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of the burden of care in the relationship between social support and mental health of family caregivers of elderly Iranians with chronic diseases of the nervous system during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: We recruited a sample of 249 family caregivers of the elderly with Alzheimer, Parkinson, and stroke. The study data were collected by electronic questionnaires of perceived social support of Zimet, Novak care burden, and Goldberg mental health questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. Results: This study showed that family caregivers experience high social support, a moderate care load, and their mental health is on the verge of illness during the coronavirus epidemic. The results of the Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling showed a positive and significant relationship between social support perceived by caregivers and their mental health, and the burden of care has a mediating role in this relationship. Discussion: Finally, because social support is effective in reducing the distress experienced by caregivers and improving their performance and mental health, future plans and interventions are expected to consider strengthening social support as primary prevention to protect caregivers from mental health symptoms.}, Keywords = {Caregiving in COVID-19, Mental health, Old adult caregivers, Caregiving burden, Social support}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {225-236}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1609.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1471-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1471-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {SalahuddinAbdulrazaq, Ameer and JasimShlash, Ahmed Mohammed and AhmedHrefish, Zaman and Mohammed, Mays Abbas and Obaid, Ali Fadhil and AbdulameerAbdulrasol, Zainab}, title = {Body Image and Its Association With Self-esteem Among Amputation Cases at Prosthetics Center in Hilla City, Iraq}, abstract ={Objectives: Throughout history, people have lived through various situations of security, peace, recovery, and war, as well as the cruelty over the diversity, intensity, duration, or shortness of life. This study aimed to assess the self-esteem of amputees living in Hilla City, Babylon Province, in Center of Iraq. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the association between body image and self-esteem of amputees. By a purposive sampling method, 200 subjects from both genders and different age groups (25-35, 36-46, 47-57, 58-68, and >69 years) were recruited. The study data were collected through the modified questionnaire of multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and interviews with the patients individually. The obtained data were collected and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants were male patients aged between 58 and 68 years. The lower limbs were the most amputation site caused by the war for less than five years. The majority of amputees had negative responses toward their body image. As well as depicts (39%) as a majority response of amputated patients were never feel with their self-esteem. There was a high reverse association between body image and self-esteem (P<0.01). Discussion: Our analysis reflects that amputees see themselves negatively, which leads to a lack of self-esteem. Also, a feeling of negative body image affects their self-esteem. Hospitals should provide specialists in mental health and psychological therapy to increase the chance for early intervention and psychological treatment in these cases. The hospitals must provide programs to guide amputees and reduce their psychological problems.}, Keywords = {Amputation, Body image, Self-esteem}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {237-244}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1621.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1568-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1568-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {SalamH.AL-Salih, Sadiq and JaberMuhbes, Fakhri}, title = {Study of Nurses’ Knowledge About COVID-19 in Al-Hilla Teaching Hospitals}, abstract ={Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis that emerged at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century and changed the lives of millions of people globally. Nurses have close contact with infectious patients; therefore, nurses need to obtain sufficient knowledge in this regard. They need to assess their level of knowledge about COVID-19 and explore their needs to enhance and improve their knowledge in order to be more qualified to fight this virus. This study intends to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 and to find out the differences in nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive (cross-sectional design) study was conducted to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 in Al-Hilla teaching hospitals in Al-Hilla City, Iraq, from September 25, 2020, to February 20, 2022. Using a convenient sampling method, a sample of 200 nurses working at epidemic hospitals was selected. The data collection process began with a questionnaire, which nurses answered as a self-report (questionnaire). Then the questionnaires were collected from the respondents. The average time to fill out the questionnaire was between 10 and 20 minutes. Results: The findings indicate that most nurses (58%) had poor knowledge about COVID-19. There were significant differences in nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their educational levels (P<0.05) and experience in epidemiological wards (P<0.05). Also, there was no difference between nurses’ attitudes toward COVID-19 with regard to their experience in epidemiological wards (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their source of information about COVID-19 (P<0.05). Discussion: The present study revealed that nurses had moderate knowledge about COVID-19. They had poor knowledge related to the prevention of COVID-19, while they had poor knowledge as overall knowledge related to COVID-19.}, Keywords = {Study, Nurses, Knowledge, COVID-19, Hospitals}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {245-252}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1765.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1633-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1633-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {JumaElywy, Gossoon and Radhi, Mohammed Malih and KhyooshAl-Eqabi, Qasim Abbas}, title = {Social Support and Its Association With the Quality of Life (QoL) of Amputees}, abstract ={Objectives: Social support is an essential source of psychological support that a disabled person needs in daily life. Social support and level of satisfaction affect how the patient perceives the various stresses of life. Because of few studies on amputees, it is necessary to study social support and its impact on their quality of life (QoL). This study investigates social support and its relationship to QoL among amputation cases living in Kut City, Iraq. Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 150 participants attending the Prosthetics Center in Kut. We investigated the relationship between social support and the QoL of amputees. The study questionnaire’s reliability was assessed through a pilot study, and it was subsequently presented to experts for validation. The information was collected through interview techniques and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: The Mean age of the participants was 38 years. They were mostly married males and unemployed with low economic status. Findings show that 68% of the participants expressed poor social support. Their social status, residents, and income had been influenced the social support (Mean±SD: 34.18±14.978), and 62% expressed a poor QoL (Mean±SD: 85.37±21.008). There was a significant correlation between social support and QoL (P=0.000), and social support significantly affected the QoL for amputation cases (P=0.000). Discussion: There is a strong significant positive correlation between social support and QoL. The QoL among amputated cases was dependent on their social support. If family, friends, and community members provide embellished social support for amputees, they can face adversity and crises and lead their lives more effectively.}, Keywords = {Social support, Quality of Life, Amputation}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {253-260}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1784.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1657-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1657-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {NadhimSuhib, Raghad and HashimMohammed, Saj}, title = {Psychosocial Burden and Its Relationship to the Quality of Life (QoL) of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Mothers’ Feedback}, abstract ={Objectives: To investigate the psychosocial burden on mothers and its relationship to the Quality of Life (QoL) of children with cerebral palsy living in Babylon Province, Iraq. Methods: This research is a descriptive correlational study. A non-probability sampling method was used to choose a sample of 150 mothers who had children with cerebral palsy. According to the Babel Health Directorate, this sample was recruited from two hospitals: Imam AL-Sadiq Hospital and Babylon Rehabilitation Centre. The reliability of the study questionnaire was achieved through a pilot study and then presented to experts to prove its validity. The total number of items included in the study questionnaire was 20 items. The data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: According to the findings, 49.3% of mothers experienced a high level of psychological burden, 68.7% a high level of social burden, and 92% experienced a low QoL for their cerebral palsy children. The QoL for cerebral palsy children was significantly correlated with mothers’ psychosocial burden (r=-0.142; P=0.012). Discussion: Mothers expressed a high level of psychological burden as a risk for psychiatric morbidity because of the burden of care, which leads to a relative reduction or stimulation of parents’ demands. Mothers’ psychosocial burdens are highly associated with their children’s QoL. More research is needed to assess the requirements and concerns of families with CP children.}, Keywords = {Psychosocial, Mothers, Cerebral Palsy, Quality of Life}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {261-270}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1791.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1666-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1666-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Derevyanko, Julia P. and Filatova, Elena A. and Grinyova, Olga I. and Pchelkina, Eugenia P. and Razuvaeva, Tatyana N. and Sharapov, Alexey O. and Shvezova, Vitalina A.}, title = {The Course of Life Concept Development in Students Inclined to Deviant Behavior}, abstract ={Objectives: Deviant behavior has become a global issue of great concern and requires immediate attention. This study aimed to investigate the course of life concept development in students inclined to deviant behavior. Methods: This experimental and empirical study was performed by a structural correlation as a quasi-experimental design in 2019-2020. The study setting was the Belgorod National State Research University, and the target population was the students aged 18 to 21 who tended toward deviant behavior. The samples were selected based on real groups’ involvement and polar groups’ isolation and comparison. The variables were the correction program aimed at developing personal notions about the life path in students and the qualities that make up the content of the “temporary” and “value-semantic” aspects of the subjects’ notions about the life path. Data on deviant behavior were collected using the questionnaires of a tendency to deviant behavior and the deviant behavior questionnaire of Robinson and Bennett. The structural equation modeling, partial least squares method, and SmartPLS software were used to validate the original model and test the hypotheses. Results: Only 27% of students tended towards deviant behavior (group 1), and 73% were normal students (group 2). The students in group 1 had a higher tendency to nonconformism (P≤0.01), moderate inclination to addictive behavior (P≤0.01), and more aggressive tendencies (P≤0.01) compared to the students in group 2. Also, in the students in group 1, “present” and “past” times were described as joyful, light, real, close, calm, voluminous, bright, and active, but “future” time as passive, motionless, empty, little, flat, petty and narrow. In terms of value-semantic measurement of students’ life concepts, the students prone to deviant behavior did not have meaningful purposes in the future that give life meaningfulness and direction. Discussion: Based on the study findings, a higher tendency for nonconformism, addictive behavior, and aggressive tendencies was found in the students with a tendency to deviant behavior. Also, these students lack meaningful purposes in the future that give life meaning and direction, and they live for today or yesterday. It is suggested that the correctional and development work under a program aimed at the personal course of life concepts development reduce the students’ inclination to deviant behavior.}, Keywords = {Life concepts, Deviant behavior, Value-Semantic sphere, Life temporal aspects, Inclination to deviant behavior}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {271-278}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1696.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1551-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1551-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hadi, Burhan and Mohammed, Saj}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Nurses’ Quality of Life in Iraq}, abstract ={Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic’s significant effect on society has led to the death of many people. Nurses have saved many lives despite their high workload and infection risk. Nurses are among the medical staff who have long working hours and more interaction with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition can quickly change their quality of life (QoL). The study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the nurses’ QoL in Iraq. Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional online study. A non-probability snowball sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A total of 1000 nurses in Iraq completed an online questionnaire on the “QoL during COVID-19 scale,” the Arabic version, from March to May 2021. The researchers used statistical methods of percentage, frequency, linear regression, 1-way ANOVA, and independent t test. Results: The regression analysis revealed the COVID-19 impact on the nurses’ QoL (P=0.029) and the relationships between the QoL and demographic characteristics of the study samples such as gender, marital status, years of experience in the nursing field, as well as the personal protective equipment available in the workplace (P=0.00, P=0.01, P=0.01, and P=0.033, respectively). Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the QoL of nurses. There are significant relationships between nurses’ QoL with sociodemographic variables such as age, marital status, years of experience in the nursing field, and personal protective equipment available in the workplace.}, Keywords = {COVID-19 pandemic, Nurses, Quality of Life, Quality of Life Scale}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {279-286}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1745.4}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1667-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1667-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} }