@article{ author = {Shann, Samanth}, title = {Celebrating 50 Years of Occupational Therapy in Iran}, abstract ={Celebrating milestones is important. It provides a means of reflection and opportunity to give thanks to those that have come before us and as such fifty years of occupational therapy in Iran is a very worthy milestone to acknowledge. As we pause to celebrate this achievement, we take a moment to reflect on the journey to date, recognizing the accomplishments of many.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {1-2}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.1650.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1505-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1505-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rassafiani, Mehdi and Rahbar, Soray}, title = {The 50th Anniversary of Occupational Therapy in Iran}, abstract ={This year is the 50th anniversary of Occupational Therapy (OT) in Iran. This is a hallmark to reflect on our achievements and plan for the future. Iranian OT was established in 1971 in Shafa Rehabilitation Hospital [1]. I can imagine how many people who were the managers facilitating the foundation of the department or those who were overseas occupational therapists were excited at the time. Through their long-term efforts, they established such a great profession that has helped millions of needy people so far. Since then, OT has developed in many ways. }, Keywords = {}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {3-4}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.181.7}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1504-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1504-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kelly, Greg}, title = {Sensory Integration and Autistic Spectrum Disorder}, abstract ={The theory and practice of sensory integration were developed in the late 1960s by an occupational therapist and psychologist, Dr. A. Jean Ayres [1]. Also, known as sensory processing, it is “the neurological process that organizes sensation from one’s own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment” [1].   }, Keywords = {}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {5-8}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.1575.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mishr, Siddharth S and Jose, Sus}, title = {Effect of Resisted Bimanual Therapy With Auditory Cues on Arm Function, Balance, and Endurance in Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Upper limb motor impairment causes limited activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Bimanual therapy is based on Bimanual movement that facilitates cortical balancing by simultaneous movement of paretic and non-paretic arms while performing a task. Studies aimed at exploring the effects of resisted Bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues on arm function, balance, and endurance in stroke survivors. Methods: A pilot study was commenced after the institutional ethical committee approval. Twenty stroke survivors were randomly allocated into two treatment groups; Group A received conventional therapy along with resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues and group B received only conventional therapy. All patients received 14 treatment sessions within three weeks. Each session lasted for 45-60 minutes. The outcome measures used to assess hand function, trunk function, balance, gait, and endurance were Wolf Motor Function (WMFT), Trunk Impact Scale (TIS), Berg’s Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), respectively. Results: Pre-post-analysis in resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues showed statistically significant difference in WMFT (P=0.005), TIS (P=0.005), BBS (P=0.005), DGI (P=0.008), and 6MWT (P=0.003). Pre-post-analysis in conventional therapy showed statistically significant difference in WMFT (P=0.005), TIS (P=0.016), and BBS (P=0.014). Inter-group analysis of mean difference between resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues and conventional showed statistically significance difference in WMFT (P=0.037), TIS (P=0.003), BBS (P=0.0001), and DGI (P=0.004). Discussion: Although both groups showed improvement individually in arm function, balance, and functional capacity among stroke survivors, resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues showed better improvement than conventional therapy in all three components: arm function, balance, and functional capacity in stroke survivors.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Neurological rehabilitation, Cues, Exercise, Upper extremity, Gait}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.395.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1419-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1419-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Fathi, Samira and Taghizadeh, Ghorban and Azad, Akram and Behzadipour, Saeed and ShamsHafshejani, Danial and Zare, Alireza and Ghorbanpour, Zahr}, title = {Effects of Upper Extremity Coordination Exercises Based on Fatigue Prediction on Upper Extremity Sensory-motor Functions in Chronic Stroke Survivors}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction on fine and gross manual dexterity, upper limb motor function, shoulder and elbow proprioception, occupational performance, and activities of daily living in chronic stroke survivors. Methods: In this pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial, 24 chronic strokes were enrolled using the non-probability sampling method. Participants were randomly allocated to the control (received routine occupational therapy) and intervention (received upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction using the Kinect) groups. Before and after the interventions (six weeks, three sessions/week, 45 min/session), as well as six weeks after completion of interventions, participants were assessed using the following tools: Box-Block Test, Purdue-Pegboard Test, Wolf-Motor Function Test, Action Research Arm Test, Manual Ability Measure-16, Grip Dynamometer, Shoulder Position Sense Test (SPST), Elbow Position Sense Test (EPST), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Shah-Barthel Index (SH-BI), and Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory. This project was carried out in the rehabilitation department of Shafa-Yahyaeian Hospital from May 2019 to June 2020. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in all assessments of both control and intervention groups (P≤0.05), except for SH-BI. Further, the improvement of EPST and SPST scores in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (P≤0.05). Also, a significant decrease in fatigue severity was observed in both control and intervention groups (P≤0.05).  Conclusion: These results suggest that upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction in combination with routine occupational therapy could lead to improvement of upper extremity sensory-motor functions and power grip and caused a decrease in fatigue severity in chronic stroke.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Upper extremity, Fatigue, Activity of daily living, Motor function}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {17-28}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.626.8}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1400-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1400-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {BagheriRoochi, Amaneh and Mohammadi, Fatemeh and Khorani, Hossein and Motalebi, Seyedeh Ameneh}, title = {Intrinsic Factors of Home Fall Among Older Adults in Qazvin City, Iran, 2018}, abstract ={Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and predictors of home fall among elderly people living in Qazvin City, Iran, 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 elderly people aged 60 years or higher who were selected by cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by demographic and chronic diseases checklist, checklist of the characteristics of fall in the last year, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), self-reported health scale, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The logistic regression model was conducted to determine predictors of home falls. Results: The mean age of the 300 older people who participated in the study was 70.11±8.90 years. Approximately, one-third of them (n=100, 33.3%) reported at least one fall during the last year. The results of the logistic regression revealed that the number of medicines used (OR=5.31, CI=1.44-19.49), history of the physical disease (OR=1.31, CI=1.01-1.70), age (OR=1.09, CI=1.03-1.15), balance control (OR=1.04, CI=0.07-1.01), and physical activity (OR=0.72, CI=0.57-0.92) were internal predictors of the fall among older adults. Discussion: The findings of our study disclosed that the incidence of falls is rather high among older people. The frequency of falls increased by advancing age, increase the number of physical illnesses and medicines used, poor balance, and a reduction in physical activity.}, Keywords = {Fall, Aging, Imbalance, Physical activity}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.825.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1377-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1377-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hassani, Zahra and Mokhtarinia, Hamid Reza and Kahlaee, Amir Hossein and Gabel, Charles Philip}, title = {Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) in Persian Speaking Stroke Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is the common scale for clinical and functional evaluation of sensorimotor conditions and related Upper Extremity (UE) dysfunction after stroke. This study was done to translate and cross-culturally adjust the original upper extremity FMA (FMA-UE) into Persian and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated version.  Methods: A procedure of forward/backward translation based on the published guidelines was adopted and two independent bilingual translators performed the translations in each stage. The conceptual and semantic equivalence was obtained through a consensus between experts. Consecutive stroke patients (n=47, male=63%) with a mean age of 61.54±10.9 years were recruited. Content, face, and concurrent validity was calculated using the content validity index, a cognitive interview, and correlation with the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). Internal consistency and intra-rater reliability were determined by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and the Intra-Class Correlation coefficient (ICC2.1). Results: During the forward translation and cultural adjustment, some wording changes were performed. In the forward translation, the most challenging clarifications are related to anatomical terms and positions. The total FMA-Persian score demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α=0.86) and intra-rater reliability (ICC2.1=0.96). Joint passive motion showed the lowest reliability among all domains. The FMA motor subscales showed a floor effect, while sensation, joint passive motion, and pain domains showed ceiling effects. The correlation between the FMA-UE score and the WMFT was 0.78 (P<0.001).  Discussion: The FMA-UE translation and adjustment were performed successfully into the Persian language. The results of the current study found FMA-UE as an acceptable, reliable, and valid instrument for evaluating the upper limb function after stroke in Persian-speaking patients. However, it should be noted that floor and ceiling effects are respectively present in the domains of the motor subscales and for sensation, passive motion, and pain. }, Keywords = {Persian, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Measurment, Upper Extremity, Reliability, Stroke}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {37-46}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.919.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1450-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1450-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mirzakhani, Navid and Esmailian, Habib and Jamebozorgi, Ali Asghar and Tabatabaee, Seyed Mehdi and Hejazi-Shirmard, Mahnaz}, title = {Effects of Upper Limb Resistance Training on Cognition and Daily Living Activities in Older Adults}, abstract ={Objectives: Physical exercise is a promising intervention to improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of dementia and other related neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an upper limb-focused physical exercise intervention on cognitive function and daily living activities in older adults.  Methods: Forty older residents of a nursing home participated in this clinical trial and were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=20) or the control (n=20) groups. Participants in the experimental group received a physical exercise intervention for six weeks. This intervention included resistance training of the upper limbs using free weights. Evaluations were performed at baseline and after three and six weeks of the resistance training. Stroop test and Barthel index were used to evaluate cognitive function and daily living activities, respectively. Results: Upper limb resistance training significantly improved cognitive function in the experimental group, but there was no significant difference between the groups in the ability to perform daily activities. Discussion: The present study revealed that resistance training of the upper limb can yield cognitive improvement in older adults. Upper limb strengthening seems to have the potential to improve cognitive performance in the elderly and can be recommended as a regular exercise activity. However, further studies with more comprehensive outcome measures are needed.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Resistance training, Upper limb, Cognition, Daily living activities}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.1436.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1418-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1418-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Tayebeh and Tavakoli, Omolbanin and Ravari, Ali}, title = {The Effect of Yoga on Musculoskeletal Pain in Elderly Females: A Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Objectives: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a common problem in the elderly. Yoga exercise can be considered a non-pharmacological and complementary method for pain control. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga on chronic musculoskeletal pain in elderly females referring to selected health centers in Rafsanjan, Iran. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 females over 60 years of age with musculoskeletal pain were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received three one-hour training sessions weekly for eight weeks, and they did yoga for 1 hour in each session. The pain was measured in both groups before the intervention and at weeks four and eight using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The control group did not receive any special intervention. Results: The mean musculoskeletal pain decreased at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks after performing yoga in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.005). The subscales of sensory dimension and severity of pain showed no decrease after four weeks compared to the control group (P>0.005). However, at the end of the eighth week, all the pain subscales decreased in the intervention group (P<0.005). Discussion: The obtained results revealed that practicing yoga continuously could reduce musculoskeletal pain in elderly females; thus, it is suggested that such yoga exercises be included in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in this group.}, Keywords = {Yoga, Musculoskeletal pain, Aging, Elderly, Iran}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {55-64}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.1512.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1397-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1397-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ashrafi, Sadra and ShabaaniMehr, Maryam and KhaleghdoostMohammadi, Tahereh and Jafroudi, Shirin and KazemnezhadLeyli, Ehs}, title = {Effect of Mirror Therapy on the Motor Recovery in Patients After Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Objectives: One of the most important problems seen in patients after stroke is that they cannot develop normal muscle strength. In recent years, the use of Mirror Therapy (MT) in the recovery of this condition has been noticed in different studies. This study investigated the effect of MT on motor recovery in patients after stroke. Methods: In this clinical trial, 93 patients were divided into three groups, including MT, non-reflective surface, and control groups. The tools used in this study included the patient’s profile questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination Test, and Brunnstrom Recovery Stages. After the routine physiotherapy program, the intervention groups underwent MT for 20 sessions. The analysis of data was performed by SPSS software v. 22. Results: There was a significant difference between the non-reflective surface and MT groups (P=0.043) in pairwise comparison of their motor recovery stages in the 20th session, but the difference between the non-reflective surface and control groups was not significant. There was also a significant statistical difference between the MT and control groups in motor recovery stages in the 20th session, (P=0.0332)  Conclusion: The obtained findings suggest that MT can increase patients’ motor recovery after stroke. This method can be used as a simple, cheap, and usable method at home.}, Keywords = {Mirror therapy, Motor recovery, Stroke, Rehabilitation, Disability}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {65-78}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.1519.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1405-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1405-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Monfared, Elyas and Haghgoo, Hojjat Allah and Pishyareh, Ebrahim and Vahedi, Mohse}, title = {The Correlation Between Computerized Cognitive Tests Scores With Functional Cognitive Tests in People With Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Objectives: In order to rehabilitate cognitive disorders, it is necessary to carefully evaluate cognitive function. Given the variety of assessments, including computerized and functional tests, the aim of this study was to determine whether computerized test scores really reflect a person’s functional ability. In this study, we measured the correlation between computerized and functional evaluation results Methods: In this cross-section study, 45 people (9 males and 36 females) with multiple sclerosis with an Expanded Disability Score (EDSS) of 1 to 5 were recruited. To assess their cognitive function, the CANTAB tests (SOC, DMS, and SSP tests) and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) battery were used. The data were then processed with SPSS software v. 22. Results: The results showed that the CANTAB test is well correlated with the LOTCA battery. A high correlation was observed between LOTCA’s “visual perception” with delayed matching to sample (r=0.909), LOTCA’s “spatial perception” with spatial span test (r=0.907), LOTCA’s “visual organization” with stocking of Cambridge (r=0.961), and “mental operations” in LOTCA with “stocking of Cambridge” (r=0.835).  Discussion: Due to the very good convergence of these two tests, in many cases, computerized tests can be used instead of functional tests.}, Keywords = {Occupational Therapy, Multiple Sclerosis, Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, Visual Perception}, volume = {20}, Number = {0}, pages = {79-88}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.SpecialIssue.1396.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1325-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1325-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Imani-Shakibayi, Mersede and Zarifian, Talieh and Zanjari, Nasibeh}, title = {Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: An Inquiry into Knowledge and Experience of Speech-Language Pathologists}, abstract ={Objectives: The present research aims to identify the assessment and treatment processes used by Iranian Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) for Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) and investigate the impact of their knowledge level and experience on their choice of assessment and treatment. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study using a survey design conducted on 260 SLPs with a minimum of a Bachelor’s degree and at least one year of experience of working with preschoolers. The CAS assessment and treatment were measured by a validated questionnaire, which was completed in person or online.  Results: The tests of Diadochokinesis (DDK) (66%), single-word speech sampling (58.1%), oral-motor assessment (54.6%), and connected speech sample analysis (53.1%) were the popular tests chosen by the participants. The treatment approaches indicated that Oral Motor Exercises (OMEs) (57.7%) were the only treatment for which over half of the participants voted. The experts chose phonologically-based treatments and Integrated Phonological Awareness (IPA), but the less-experienced participants were more interested in PROMPT (prompts for restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets). The majority of the participants (70.8%) believed that children with CAS make very slow progress and 21.9% declared that speech problems of such children persist through the school years. Discussion: The participants’ choice of assessment tasks is in line with the results of recent studies. However, opting for outdated treatments such as OME indicates a gap between the clinicians’ knowledge and experience in using evidence-based treatments.}, Keywords = {Childhood apraxia of speech, Assessment, Treatment, Prognosis, Speech-language pathologists}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.24.4}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1178-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1178-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shafaroodi, Narges and AskaryKachoosangy, Reihaneh and Heidarzadeh, Mohammad and Qorbani, Mostafa and Shojaei, Seyed Hossein and Beheshti, Seyede Zeinab}, title = {Promoting Developmental Outcomes of Premature Infants by Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE)}, abstract ={Objectives: Premature neonates are at greater risk of developmental problems such as cerebral palsy, developmental delays, and hearing and vision problems. The challenge of healthcare professionals who support preterm neonates and their parents is not only ensuring neonates’ survival but also optimizing infant development. Interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes are very important. The present study was focused on exploring the effect of the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) schedule on the developmental outcomes of premature infants  Methods: The randomization process was done using a randomized block design, and neonates were assigned randomly to the treatment (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. Neonates in two groups were matched in gestational age, birth height, head circumference at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores (1 min, 5 min), prematurity, and new Ballard score. So, there was not a significant difference between them at the baseline. In the intervention group, the parents received a COPE schedule in a set of CD’s in conjunction with written instruction and supplemental activities (guidebook). COPE schedule was performed in 5 steps. In the control group, neonates received only routine services and interventions, and the research therapist performed no additional interventions. New Ballard examination was done in all neonates at the time of enrollment, followed by administration of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) by an occupational therapist, who was double-blinded for the study, to any available parent (mostly mothers) at 6 months of corrected age.  Results: The results showed more maturity in “communication”, “gross motor”, “problem-solving”, and “personal-social” in the intervention group, and the observed differences between the two groups in these outcomes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Discussion: This educational-behavioral intervention program could promote mothers’ knowledge about their neonates and improve the developmental aspects of premature infants during their first months of life.}, Keywords = {Creating opportunities for parent empowerment, Neonates, Premature infant, Development}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.125.4}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1127-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1127-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shojaedini, Seyed Vahab and Jafarpisheh, Amir Salar and Rouhbakhsh, Nematollah and Vahedi, Mohsen and Amirian, Negar}, title = {A Novel Method for Automated Estimation of Effective Parameters of Complex Auditory Brainstem Response: Adaptive Processing Based on the Correntropy Concept}, abstract ={Objectives: Automated Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) peak detection is a novel technique to facilitate the measurement of neural synchrony along the auditory pathway through the brainstem. Analyzing the location of the peaks in these signals and the time interval between them may be utilized either for analyzing the hearing process or detecting peripheral and central lesions in the human hearing system. Methods: In this paper, model-based signal processing is proposed to estimate the effective parameters of ABR signals. In this process, the biological parameters of the signal are assessed by utilizing a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) adaptive filter in which its adaptation procedure is performed based on the correntropy concept. The proposed method is applied on a set of ABR signals recorded in response to three stimuli of /da/, /ba/, and /ga/, and then its performances are compared with an existing state-of-the-art technique.  Results: The results show that the proposed method can significantly increase the accuracy of estimating the parameters in stable stimulations (/da/, /ba/) for major positive and negative peaks. This improvement is more significant (up to 2-3 times) for /ba/ stimulus and especially in major positive peaks. However, in other peaks, the improvements also occurred in smaller amounts. However, for unstable stimuli (/ga/), no significant improvement was achieved. Discussion: Increasing the accuracy performance of the proposed method for detecting the stable stimuli (while its performance remains unchanged) for detecting unstable stimuli indicates its effectiveness in automated clinical analysis of ABR signals.}, Keywords = {Auditory brainstem response, Model-based signal processing, Correntropy, Estimation}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-32}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.568.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1373-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1373-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Pourghasem, Matina and Sadighi, Gita and Mirabzadeh, Arash}, title = {Comparing the Effects of Adjunct Aspirin and Simvastatin on Psychopathology Among Inpatients With Schizophrenia}, abstract ={Objectives: As a severe mental health condition, schizophrenia presents a chronic and complex clinical manifestation and neuropathology. A large body of literature exists on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. However, evidence on some dimensions of such interventions (e.g., eligible candidates, potential predicting factors of the therapeutic outcomes, safe implementation of these interventions, etc.) are notably scarce. Studies revealed superior influences of adjunct statin therapy over placebo among patients with schizophrenia. The study aimed to investigate the effects of aspirin and simvastatin as adjunctive therapy, compared to placebo on positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This is a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The sample size was estimated to be 15 individuals for each one of the three research groups (n=45). The Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression (HAM-D) were employed to collect the study data in the present study. The study patients were recruited from patients admitted to the psychiatric wards of Razi Hospital were identified. The study subjects were randomly divided into two test groups and one control group. All groups were initially treated with risperidone 4 mg daily for 3 weeks. Then, group A received aspirin (325 mg twice daily), whereas group B was prescribed 40 mg/d of simvastatin. However, the control group received a placebo. Psychiatric symptoms were recorded according to the PANSS at the beginning of the study and then at weeks 4 and 8. The results were analyzed using inferential statistics (repeated-measures analysis of covariance) and descriptive statistics in SPSS software v. 20. Results: Of 45 patients, 35(77.78%) were men (Mean±SD age: 45.8±10.5 years), and 10(22.23%) were women (Mean±SD age: 42.3±7.8 years). The mean scores of the positive symptoms of PANSS significantly decreased in the groups treated with aspirin and simvastatin (P=0.006 and P=0.005, respectively). However, no such difference was seen in the controls (P=0.447). Furthermore, the mean scores of the negative symptoms of PANSS significantly decreased in the intervention groups (P<0.001); in addition, no significant differences were seen in the controls after the end of the research program (P=0.18). In addition, the mean scores of the general symptoms of PANSS significantly decreased in the aspirin and simvastatin groups (P<0.001). There was an increase in the same value in the controls, but the increase was not significant (P=0.31). Finally, while the total mean scores of the PANSS increased in the control group (P=0.25), the corresponding scores significantly decreased in the test groups receiving aspirin and simvastatin (P<0.001). Discussion: The present study results indicate that either aspirin or simvastatin can reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia, including general psychopathology, negative symptoms, and positive symptoms in the explored patients. Also, the effectiveness of both drugs was similar, and no significant difference was detected between these medications in reducing the symptoms mentioned above.}, Keywords = {Aspirin, Simvastatin, Negative symptoms, Positive symptoms, General psychopathology, Schizophrenia}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-42}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.962.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1566-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1566-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mumtaz, Nazia and Fatima, Tanveer and Saqulain, Ghulam}, title = {Perception of Burden and Stress Among Mothers of Autistic Children in Pakistani Cultural Background}, abstract ={Objectives: The study aimed to explore the perceived burden and stress among mothers of autistic children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Riphah International University over 4 months, from October 2020 to January 2021. The samples were recruited using non-probability convenience sampling and comprised 84 mothers (23-60 years old) of children aged 3-16 years with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from different special education centers in Lahore. A demographic questionnaire, Parental Stress Scale (PSS), and Zarit burden interview (ZBI) were used to collect the study data, which were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software.  Results: Forty-five Mothers (53.6%) suffered from moderate to severe burden with a high Mean±SD ZBI (41.75±10.62) and Parental Stress Scale (PSS) scores (48.67±8.04). Also, there is a significant positive correlation between the two scores (r=0.585, P=0.000). A significant association was noted between the mother’s stress and the severity of autism (P=0.006) and the child’s medication (P=0.008), also between the mother’s burden and the child’s age (P=0.019). Discussion: According to the current study’s findings, mothers of children with ASD perceived a high level of burden and stress. The association was seen with factors of children’s age, severity level, and child medication.}, Keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorder, Caregiver burden, Parental stress scale}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-52}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1335.5}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1455-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1455-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Dehghan, Mehdi and Seyedkalateh, Payam and Akbarian-Rad, Zahra and HaghshenasMojaveri, Mohsen and Khafri, Soraya and Ahmadi, Akram}, title = {A Pilot Study of Developing an Infant Sucking Tester Instrument}, abstract ={Objectives: Most preterm infants experience oral feeding disorder. Sucking is the most appropriate way for oral feeding, but it may be immature in preterm infants. Regarding the increased risk of feeding problems in preterm infants, investigating and monitoring their sucking patterns to present appropriate and timely intervention is recommended The current research aimed to report the design of an instrument for measuring the suction pressure in preterm infants through a pilot study. We also checked the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: A pilot study was conducted to measure the validity and reliability of this instrument. First, the instrument was developed, and in the next step, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and comparison in terms of sex were investigated by measuring the suction pressure of 20 full-term and 15 preterm infants. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were used to establish the discriminant validity, comparison in terms of sex, and test-retest reliability in SPSS v. 23 software. Results: Two groups showed a significant difference in the suction pressure (P<0.001) to support the discriminant validity of the instrument. We obtained satisfactory values for the test-retest reliability in two groups (r=0.97, P<0.001). Boys and girls did not significantly differ between full-term (P=0.9) and preterm infants groups (P=0.5). Discussion: Performing the pilot study on 35 infants through an infant sucker tester proved the instrument’s discriminant validity and test-retest reliability. However, conducting the studies with a larger sample size is essential to make this instrument available commercially.}, Keywords = {Sucking, Oral feeding disorder, Infants, Full-Term infants, Late preterm infants, Sucking tester, Instrument}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-60}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1450.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1359-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1359-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Asgari, Mohaddeseh and Babaee, Taher and Jalali, Maryam and Saeedi, Hass}, title = {Reliability and Validity of the Adapted Persian Version of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities}, abstract ={Objectives: The main objective of this study was to culturally adapt the original English version of the Physical Activity Scale For Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) for the Persian-speaking patients with Lower-Limb Amputations (LLAs) and to evaluate its reliability and construct validity. Methods: This research was a multicenter cross-sectional and repeated measure study. The cultural adaptation process was conducted according to an accepted international guideline. A total of 197 Persian-speaking individuals with LLA were recruited to investigate the reliability and validity of the PASIPD. Reliability analyses were assessed by Cronbach α and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The Association between the PASIPD scores and the prosthetic limb user survey of mobility scores was examined to evaluate the convergent validity of the PASIPD. Known-groups validity was assessed based on sex, amputation causes, and amputation levels. Results: The PASIPD had an acceptable internal uniformity (the Cronbach α of 0.68) and test-retest reproducibility (r=0.70). There was a small correlation between the PASIPD and prosthetic limb user mobility survey (r=0.26; P<0.001). Some items of PASIPD could discriminate individuals with different causes of amputation and sex. Factor analysis extracted four main factors that explained 65.4% of the variance. Discussion: The Persian version of the PASIPD has acceptable reliability and validity for assessing the physical activity of persons with LLAs.}, Keywords = {Reliability and Validity, Physical activity, Amputation, Questionnaire}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-72}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1505.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1459-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1459-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Babaei-Ghazani, Arash and Aflakian, Negar and Fadavi, Hamid Reza and Babashahi, Ali and Azar, Maziar and Afshari-Azar, Fariba and Soleymanzadeh, Hosnieh and Boudier-Reveret, Mathieu and Eftekharsadat, Bi}, title = {Pronator Teres Reflex and the Diagnosis of C6 and C7 Radiculopathy}, abstract ={Objectives: Neck roots lesions are among the etiologies of cervical and arm pain. A detailed patient evaluation could assist the diagnosis, reduce imaging requests, and promote the treatment of cervical pain. We tried to estimate the value of pronator teres reflex in C6 and C7 roots irritation. Methods: The present study comprises 118 participants, including 56 patients with C6 and C7 lesions and 62 normal controls. The reliability and usefulness of this reflex in C6 and C7 roots lesions were compared to positive electromyography and imaging with magnetic resonance. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for pronator teres reflex were 36.4%, 13.6%, 64.8%, and 4.6%, respectively. Discussion: This reflex can be considered an additional reflex during the physical examination for C6 and C7 nerve roots injury, but its diagnostic value for C6 and C7 radiculopathy is unreliable to be used for screening purposes.}, Keywords = {Radiculopathy, Pronator teres reflex, Diagnostic value, Sensitivity, Specificity}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {73-80}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1510.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1394-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1394-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Pashazade, Hakime and Momtaz, Yadollah Abolfathi and Raheb, Ghonche}, title = {The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy-based Social Work Intervention on the Burden of Formal Caregivers Among Alborz City Nursing Home}, abstract ={Objectives: As the elderly population increases, the need for their care and establishing nursing homes and hiring formal caregivers becomes more significant. Caregivers are under the pressure and burden of care due to the provision of services. The current study investigates the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based social work intervention on the extent of care burden among the formal caregivers of the elderly. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The study’s statistical population comprised the formal caregivers of the elderly. The study sample consisted of 30 caregivers (15 men and 15 women), who were selected by convenience sampling method. The study participants received seven 90-min intervention sessions (CBT-based social work). The intervention protocol was validated by the Agree form using expert opinion evaluation. For data collection, the Zarit caregiver burden interview (short-form) was used. This scale has been validated by Rajabi Mashhadi et al. (2014) in Iran. Results: The care burden score of the explored participants was 24.20, within the average level. The repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the presented intervention provided a significant difference between the two stages of pretest and posttest in physical (P=0.004) and psychological (P=0.05) dimensions. Also, the changes in the study variables remained constant until the follow-up stage. Discussion: The obtained data indicate that the provided CBT-based social work intervention with the dimensions of identifying and accessing supportive resources, modifying attitude, and relaxation training can reduce the burden of care in physical, psychological, and general aspects among the study subjects. Therefore, more use of this intervention by specialists can affect the care burden of formal caregivers. The present research results also highlight the necessity for the attention of nursing home officials, social policymakers, and professionals active in the field of elderly care.}, Keywords = {Care burden, Physical burden, Psychological burden, Nursing home, Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT), Formal caregivers}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1547.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1429-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1429-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Pirasteh, Ebrahim and Hamzehpour, Farzad and Sharafi, Zahra and Absalan, Aghil and Arbabsarjoo, Hamideh}, title = {Conformity of the Real-Ear Aided Response With the Target Response From the Desired Sensation Level V5 Formula}, abstract ={Objectives: Real-ear measurements are critical in children for hearing aid fitting. This study aimed to evaluate the conformity of measured and predicted real-ear aided response of prescribed formula of desired sensation level (DSL) version 5, (Pediatric form) in children aged 4 to 7 years. Since there is limited information about the effect of degrees of hearing loss, ethnicity, gender, and ear on this conformity, the present study investigated the influence of the mentioned factors, too. Methods: This study was conducted on 92 children aged 4-7 years (37 girls and 55 boys) with moderate to profound hearing loss. After auditory evaluations, the children’s hearing aids were fitted based on the DSL formula. Then, the hearing aid output was measured with a real-ear measurement system, and the difference between predicted and measured curves were compared. Results: This study showed a significant difference between the predicted values and the measured ones at three intensity level inputs (50, 65, and 80 dB SPL) and a frequency range of 0.5 to 6 kHz for both ears (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between predicted and measured values curves (predicted-measured) regarding the effects of the hearing loss degrees, gender, ethnicity, and ear (right or left) (P>0.05). Discussion: According to the difference observed between the predicted and measured curves, especially at the frequencies of 6 and 4 kHz, it is essential to conduct real-ear measurements in children.}, Keywords = {Hearing loss, Real-Ear measurements, Degrees of hearing loss, Gender, Ethnicity}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-98}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1554.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1432-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1432-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Nilmart, Patcharin and Yodchaisarn, Wantanee and Vongsirinavarat, Mant}, title = {Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Young Adult Women With Low to Moderate Physical Activity Levels}, abstract ={Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) in young women with low to moderate Physical Activity (PA) levels. Methods: Women with low to moderate PA, aged between 18 and 40 years, were enrolled in this study. A Thai version of the Kujala patellofemoral questionnaire (KPQ), history taking, and physical examination were used to screen and confirm the diagnosis of PFPS. Demographic features, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture, were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine confounding factors associated with PFPS. Results: A total of 1011 women with a Mean±SD age of 25.51±6.79 years participated in this study. The prevalence of PFPS was 15%. Age, BMI, PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture were not significantly associated with PFPS in this population. Discussion: Although the participants were young adults with low to moderate PA, the prevalence of PFPS was in the same range as the highly active groups. None of the factors investigated in this study could predict PFPS occurrence. Based on the findings, the risk factors of PFPS seem to be complex and individualized. The early diagnosis and treatment of PFPS should therefore be considered in this age group.}, Keywords = {Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Women, Young adult, Physical activity}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {99-108}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1565.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1442-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1442-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {AbdAl-Kareem, Maryam and Ameen, Wafaa and Abed, Mohammed Talib and M.Obaid, Hayder and Obaid, Ali Fadhil and AbdulameerAbdulrasol, Zainab}, title = {Measurement the Self-efficacy Among Infertile Women in Al-Hilla City, Iraq}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to measure the self-efficacy among women who have infertility in Al-Hilla City, Iraq. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Al-Hilla City, Iraq, to measure the self-efficacy among infertile women. Using the non-probability purposive sampling method, 107 (Mean±SD age: 28.81±6.306 years) women with infertility were recruited. The study data were collected from the study samples using the infertility self-efficacy scale questionnaire. It is scored on a 3-point Likert scale to measure self-efficacy among infertile women. Results: The results show that the overall self-efficacy of infertile women is low. Also, there is a significant association between the self-efficacy of infertile women with all study parameters (P<0.05) except the age and level of education. Discussion: The highest percentage of the study samples were less than 30 years and lived in the urban area. The overall self-efficacy among infertile women was low, and the correlation between self-efficacy and their demographical data was significant except for the age and level of education.}, Keywords = {Measurement, Self-efficacy, Infertile women}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {109-116}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1621.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1567-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1567-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ruzhenkova, Victoria V. and Tarabaeva, Victoria B. and Moskvitina, Uliana S. and Khamskaya, Inna S. and Boeva, Alevtina V.}, title = {Comparative Characteristics for the Influence of Academic Stress on the Mental Health of the Medical and Pedagogical Senior Students}, abstract ={Objectives: Academic stress negatively affects the students’ mental state, leading to lower academic performance, reduction in the level of professional training, and success in the future. This study aims to investigate the medical and psychological status of senior students in medical and pedagogical departments. We hope to propose some recommendations for preventing maladaptation associated with stressful influences Methods: This research is a descriptive and comparative study and investigates the mental health of senior students. A consecutive sample of 192 fifth-year students was selected by convenience sampling method. They were examined using the medico-sociological and psychometric methods. There were 137 students of medical and 55 pedagogical students aged 20-29 years (Mean±SD=21.8±1.2 years; 142 women and 50 men). The participants completed the test for academic stress, social phobia inventory, Beck depression inventory-2, Beck anxiety inventory, and depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (Lovibond, Lovibond). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software v. 16. Results: There are many differences between the mental health status of the study groups. These differences comprise suicide ideation, suicide attempt, depression, and symptoms of social phobia. However, there were no differences between study groups regarding anxiety, high academic load, and disappointment in the profession, and manifestations of educational stress, including fatigue and psychosomatic symptoms. The routine methods for overcoming stress were drinking alcohol (most often among medical students), smoking, and taking non-prescription sedatives, which was a risk factor for addictive behaviors. Discussion: It is necessary to develop and implement psychoeducational programs for medical and pedagogical students to acquire adaptive skills to overcome stress and reduce anxiety and depression, eventually preventing the development of psychosomatic disorders and addictions.}, Keywords = {Medical students, Depression, Stress disorders, Anxiety, Mental health}, volume = {20}, Number = {1}, pages = {117-126}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.1.1653.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1508-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1508-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Pashmdarfard, Marzieh and MirzakhaniAraghi, Navi}, title = {Participation Assessment Scales for 4 to 18-Year-Old Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Objectives: Participation is defined as involvement in life situations and the ultimate outcome for individuals with disabilities. One of the most common causes of chronic disabilities that restrict individuals’ participation is cerebral palsy (CP). The main goal of rehabilitation is to empower clients’ participation in various life areas. To affect participation, assessing the outcomes in individuals with different health conditions is necessary. Accordingly, this study aims to overview the psychometric properties of participation assessment scales for 4 to 18-year-old individuals with CP. Methods: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was completed. The searched keywords included the following items: participation, cerebral palsy, ADL, IADL, education, play, leisure, social participation, rest/sleep, work, leisure, scale, assessment tools, activity, meaningful activity, purposeful activity, function, performance, creational activity, physical activity participation, recreational activity, self-care, mobility, and functional mobility. The inclusion criterion for articles was being published in a peer review journal from 2000 to 2020. Results: After examining the title, abstract, and full text, 22 articles were eligible to be included. Among 1482 studies, a total of 22 studies assessing the participation of children with CP in meaningful activities were included in this review.  Discussion: The psychometric properties of 8 outcome measures for 4 to 18-year-old individuals with CP were available and 5 assessment scales have the potential to be used for this population; however, the psychometric properties of these scales were unavailable.}, Keywords = {Cerebral palsy, Participation, Assessment, Children}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-138}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1483.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1371-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1371-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Alireza and Akbarfahimi, Nazila and Hosseini, Seyed Ali}, title = {The Correlation Between Leisure Participation and Parental Life Balance in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy and Their Typically Developing Peers}, abstract ={Objectives: Leisure participation is restricted among children with cerebral palsy (CP). This leads to adverse consequences on their health and well-being. Identifying the associated factors of leisure participation can help in planning interventions for its promotion. This study aims to investigate the correlation between leisure participation and parental life balance in children/adolescents with CP and their typically developing peers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021, in Bojnourd City, Iran. The target population of this study was children/adolescents with CP between the ages of 7 to 17 years. We recruited 68 children/adolescents with CP and 66 of their typical peers using the convenience sampling method. All children and adolescents completed the children’s participation and enjoyment questionnaire while their parents answered the life balance inventory questions.  Results: The Mean±SD age of children/adolescents with CP was 10.13±2.53, and 54.4% were boys. The mean age of typically developing children/adolescents was 10.50±2.98, and 54.5% were boys. In the CP group, the mothers’ life balance was correlated with the leisure participation of their children (P=0.01). Also, the fathers’ life balance was correlated with the leisure participation of their adolescents (P=0.01). The correlation between the mothers’ life balance and the leisure participation of their adolescents, and also between the father’s life balance and the leisure participation of their children was not significant (P>0.05) in the CP group. The leisure participation of typically developing children and adolescents was not correlated with their parental life balance (P>0.05). Discussion: The leisure participation of children and adolescents with CP was correlated with the life balance of their parents. Occupational therapists and other health professionals are advised to consider the parental life balance in their plans to promote the leisure participation of children and adolescents with CP.}, Keywords = {Adolescents, Cerebral palsy, Children, Leisure, Life balance}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-148}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.659.5}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1523-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1523-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza and Alavi, Seyyed Salman and GharaatiSotoudeh, Hossein and Khaleghi, Ali and Ahmadi, Nastaran and Hooshyari, Zahra and MohammadiKalhori, Soroush}, title = {Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Factors of Bipolar Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Identifying the Principal Predictors}, abstract ={Objectives: Our objective is to measure the prevalence of bipolar mood disorder (BMD) in Iranian children and adolescents and its comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. Also, the main purpose of this study is to characterize the main risk factors for BMD in children and adolescents. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. In a community-based study, we sampled 1000 children and adolescents from the age of 6 to 18 years in each province via the multistage cluster sampling method. The total valid sample size reached 29 812 cases. The instructed clinical psychologists completed the Persian version of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Furthermore, the demographic data were obtained. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, multinomial, and multiple logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate the relationships. Results: The total prevalence rates for BMD were 0.29%; it was 0.26% in males and 0.29% in females. BMD rates were larger in children and adolescents whose mothers had an occupation. Also, after controlling the effective variables (sex and age), location (rural or urban), the father’s education, and the psychiatric hospitalization of the mother or the father, none predicted BMD significantly. Moreover, patients with comorbidities showed a superior prevalence compared to those without comorbidities, ranging from 1.96% for posttraumatic stress disorder to 39.22% for the oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusion: BMD was more prevalent among women. The gender or the father’s education level was not the risk factor for BMD symptoms. Several factors, such as maternal education and maternal job were also important for the prevalence of BMD symptoms.}, Keywords = {Adolescents, Bipolar mood disorders, Child, Prevalence, Principal predictors, Socio-demographic factors}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-160}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.910.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1389-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1389-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghazi, Shamim and Jamali, Jamshid and Ghaemi, Hamed and Farzadfard, Mohammad Taghi and Ghaemi, Hamideh}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between the Dysphonia Severity Index and the Speech and Voice Severity of Parkinson Disease Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between dysphonia severity index (DSI), speech disease and voice severity of Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out on 45 randomly selected PD patients with the age range of 50 to 75 years. The Hoehn and Yahr scale (H.Y scale) was employed to measure the severity of PD. To measure the DSI, we required detecting the acoustic features of the voice, such as shimmer (dB), vital capacity (VC), semitone range (STR), and voice onset time (VOT); therefore, the participants were asked to produce the vowel /a/ three times for calculating the variables, i.e., STR, VOT, fundamental frequency (F0), second formant (F2), and shimmer (dB). Their voices were analyzed by the Praat software (version 6.0.23). F0 and F2 were utilized to calculate the STR. The VOT was assessed by analyzing the spectrograph of the syllable /pa/. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to understand the correlation between DSI scores and the stage of PD (Y.H scale); the P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant relationship was detected between severe DSI and the stage of PD. Meanwhile, the DSI score was statistically significant compared to the scores of the other four groups (P<0.05). Discussion: There was a significant relationship between the severity of voice changes in PD patients by DSI and the stage of their disease. Further studies in this field are needed considering that such information may be of cardinal importance for voice professionals to take early interventions, appropriate to the stage of PD.}, Keywords = {Parkinson disease, Dysphonia severity index, Disease severity, Voice}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {161-170}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1075.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1511-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1511-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shori, Gaurav and Raghava, Sachi}, title = {Effects of Right Sidelying Respiratory Left Adductor Pull Back Exercise on Improving Hip Biomechanics in Participants With a Tendency to Stand on Right Side}, abstract ={Objectives: A helpful functional exercise that tends to correct postural unevenness and attempts to re-establish lumbopelvic mechanics is beneficial for patients with postural impairment. This study evaluates the effects of right sidelying respiratory left adductor pull back exercise on improving hip biomechanics in participants with a tendency to stand on the right side. Methods: A total of 30 subjects (6 females and 24 males) with a Mean±SD age of 28.53±2.62 years, Mean±SD weight of 63.83±3.89 kg, and Mean±SD height of 165.8±3.97 cm were screened based on eligible criteria. Subjects had been randomly allocated into identical groups (Group I: n=15, Group II: n=15). Pre- and post-intervention, active and passive measurements of right and left hip internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, as well as active right and left hip shift were recorded. The intervention was provided to both groups twice a day for 3 weeks. Group I (experimental group) received stretching, strengthening, postural re-education, and right sidelying respiratory left adductor pull back exercise, whereas group II (control group) received only stretching, strengthening, and posture re-education. Results: Statistically significant differences were reported in both groups in the active and passive right and left hip lateral and medial rotation, and abduction range of motion (P<0.05), with right and left hip shift (P<0.05) following the intervention. However, the experimental group showed better improvement compared to the control group. Discussion: The results suggest that right sidelying respiratory left adductor pull back exercise is effective in improving hip biomechanics in participants with a tendency to stand on the right side.}, Keywords = {Postural balance, Exercise movement technique, Repositioning, Postural asymmetry}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {171-184}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1258.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1250-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1250-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {JalilzadehAfshari, Parisa and Lotfi, Younes and Moossavi, Abdollah and Bakhshi, Enayatollah and Sadjedi, Hame}, title = {Auditory Spectro-Temporal Modulation Training in Children With Auditory Processing Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: Auditory processing disorder (APD) is due to the deficits in perceptual processing of acoustic information in the auditory system, characterized by poor speech perception of noise, regardless of normal hearing. The variability in speech function of APD children can be partly explained by changes in the encoding of spectro-temporal modulations (STMs) which have been overlooked, despite their significance. Given that enhancing STM sensitivity and its processing can be an appropriate way to improve the listener’s ability to retrieve and integrate speech segments covered by noise, we decided to evaluate the effects of STM-based auditory training on speech perception in noise and the reliability of this training in children with APD. Methods: Thirty-five children with APD (8-12 years old) were randomly divided into the training (n=17) and control groups (n=18) to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of STM training on speech in noise perception. The intervention group was trained to detect STM by 120 trials every day for ten days. The STM detection thresholds and speech perception in noise were evaluated before and immediately after the finalization of formal training sessions in both groups. To address the training reliability, the tests were repeated one month after practice in the training group.  Results: Following the completion of STM auditory training, the trained APD children improved notably in STM detection tasks and speech in noise tests (P<0.05). The post-training progress of STM detection thresholds and consonant-vowel in the noise test was preserved for one month after training (P>0.05), but the word in the noise test, especially in the right ear, was not retained (P<0.05). Discussion: Auditory spectro-temporal modulation training can lead to better processing of STM modulation. Its effects can be generalized to higher-order processing, such as speech perception in noise. Auditory training based on STM processing enhancement can play an essential role in improving speech comprehension in the noise abilities of children with APD. }, Keywords = {Auditory processing disorder, Auditory training, Spectro-temporal modulation, Speech perception in noise}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-198}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1392.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Makkar, Mridul and Arumugam, Narkeesh and Midha, Divya and Sandhu, amanjit}, title = {Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Effective Treatment Compared to Video Games on Executive Functions in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) compared to video games on executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity children (ADHD). Methods: This was an unblinded randomized control trial study with ADHD participants recruited from various schools in Patiala District in Punjab, India. The participants were screened for ADHD using the NICHQ Vanderbilt assessment scale and then they were assessed for eligibility. The random allocation method was done for 61 participants and they were divided into two groups: the control group (video game only) and the intervention group (tDCS along with video game). tDCS was applied at the F3 (anode) and Fp2 (cathode) positions with 1 mA intensity for 20 min 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Pre-, mid-, and post- (day 0, 15, 30) intervention scores for the Raven progressive matrices, the Stroop test, and the trail making test were evaluated for all the participants. Results: The present study had 61 participants in the age range of 10 to 16 years. They were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate within-group differences and an unpaired t test was utilized for between-group analyses on different parameters with P<0.05 as the level of significance. Our analysis revealed that tDCS along with video games has a statistically significant effect on components of executive functions as evaluated via the Raven progressive matrices (t=2.483, P=0.01), the Stroop test (t=3.507, P=0.001) and the trail making test (TMT Part A: t=3.238, P=0.02; TMT Part B: t=4.064, P=0.000) compared to the control group. Discussion: When compared with video games, tDCS is effective in improving executive functions in children with ADHD. A randomized control trial with a larger sample size is needed to strengthen the findings of this study and overcome its limitations.}, Keywords = {ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Video game, tDCS, Executive function, Transcranial direct current stimulation}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {199-208}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1552.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1430-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1430-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Moghari, Mortaza and Rahemi, Zahra and Sadat, Zohreh and MirbagherAjorpaz, Ne}, title = {Effects of Aromatherapy Using Sour Lemon on Nausea in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Nausea is one of the most important symptoms of patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study aims to determine the effects of aromatherapy with sour lemon on nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to experimental and placebo (control) groups. The two groups completed the visual analogue scale for nausea before and the first to the fourth week after starting the intervention. The intervention was performed during chemotherapy. Using a dropper, a paper towel was saturated with 3 drops of sour lemon essential oil; however, for the control group, 3 mL of water as a placebo was spread on a paper towel. The intervention in the experimental and control groups was performed once a week for 4 weeks during weekly chemotherapy sessions.  Results: At the beginning of the study, no significant difference was observed between the mean score of nausea in the two groups (P>0.05). The first to the fourth week after starting the intervention, significant differences were observed between the mean score of nausea in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the mean score of nausea changed over time in the experimental group, indicating a gradual decrease in the mean score of nausea (P<0.05). Discussion: Our findings indicated that aromatherapy with sour lemon can be effective in reducing nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy.}, Keywords = {Aromatherapy, Nausea, Chemotherapy, Complementary therapies}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {209-216}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1567.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kenarangi, Taiebe and Bakhshi, Enayatolah and InanlooRahatloo, Kolsoum and Biglarian, Akbar}, title = {Identifying Gene Signature in RNA Sequencing Multiple Sclerosis Data}, abstract ={Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system disease; it is the result of a combination of genetic predispositions and a nongenetic trigger. This study aims to find the gene signatures using a Pareto optimization algorithm for MS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Methods: This case-control study involved 50 samples (25 MS patients and 25 age-matched healthy individuals) and their GSE profiles (GSE123496) were selected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. We used Pareto-optimal cluster size identification to find the gene signatures in the RNA-seq data. After prefiltering and normalizing the data, we used the Limma package to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Pareto-optimal cluster size for these DEGs was then determined using the technique, multi-objective optimization for collecting the clusters alternatives. Afterward, the RNA-seq data were clustered via k-means with suitable cluster size. The best cluster, as a signature, was found by calculating the mean of the Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) of whole genes in the module in a pairwise manner. All analysis was performed in the R software, 4.1.1 package, under virtual space with 100 GB RAM. Results: In total, 960 DEGs were identified by the Limma analysis. Among them, 720 were up-regulated genes and 240 were down-regulated genes. Meanwhile, 6 Pareto-optimal clusters were obtained. Two clusters that had the greatest average SCCs score (0.88 and 0.74, respectively) were chosen as the gene signatures. Discussion: A total of 9 metabolic prognostic genes and 3 biological pathways were identified. These can provide more potent prognostic information for MS patients.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Gene signature, K-means, Pareto optimal clustering, RNA-seq}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {217-224}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1606.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1470-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1470-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {MohammadiFerizi, Malihe and Aali, Shahrbanoo and Bigdeli, Imaanollah and RezaeiTalab, Fariborz and MoradiTavalaei, Arezoo}, title = {COVID-19 Pandemic and the Mental Health of Caregivers of the Elderly With Chronic Diseases}, abstract ={Objectives: The social support of caregivers is fundamental, and their quality of life, mental health, and the burden of caring are related to the social support they receive during their interaction with people. Because the coronavirus pandemic and related quarantine have affected people’s participation and social support, the caregivers’ lifestyle has changed, and they have become more isolated and lonely. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of the burden of care in the relationship between social support and mental health of family caregivers of elderly Iranians with chronic diseases of the nervous system during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: We recruited a sample of 249 family caregivers of the elderly with Alzheimer, Parkinson, and stroke. The study data were collected by electronic questionnaires of perceived social support of Zimet, Novak care burden, and Goldberg mental health questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. Results: This study showed that family caregivers experience high social support, a moderate care load, and their mental health is on the verge of illness during the coronavirus epidemic. The results of the Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling showed a positive and significant relationship between social support perceived by caregivers and their mental health, and the burden of care has a mediating role in this relationship. Discussion: Finally, because social support is effective in reducing the distress experienced by caregivers and improving their performance and mental health, future plans and interventions are expected to consider strengthening social support as primary prevention to protect caregivers from mental health symptoms.}, Keywords = {Caregiving in COVID-19, Mental health, Old adult caregivers, Caregiving burden, Social support}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {225-236}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1609.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1471-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1471-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {SalahuddinAbdulrazaq, Ameer and JasimShlash, Ahmed Mohammed and AhmedHrefish, Zaman and Mohammed, Mays Abbas and Obaid, Ali Fadhil and AbdulameerAbdulrasol, Zainab}, title = {Body Image and Its Association With Self-esteem Among Amputation Cases at Prosthetics Center in Hilla City, Iraq}, abstract ={Objectives: Throughout history, people have lived through various situations of security, peace, recovery, and war, as well as the cruelty over the diversity, intensity, duration, or shortness of life. This study aimed to assess the self-esteem of amputees living in Hilla City, Babylon Province, in Center of Iraq. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the association between body image and self-esteem of amputees. By a purposive sampling method, 200 subjects from both genders and different age groups (25-35, 36-46, 47-57, 58-68, and >69 years) were recruited. The study data were collected through the modified questionnaire of multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and interviews with the patients individually. The obtained data were collected and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants were male patients aged between 58 and 68 years. The lower limbs were the most amputation site caused by the war for less than five years. The majority of amputees had negative responses toward their body image. As well as depicts (39%) as a majority response of amputated patients were never feel with their self-esteem. There was a high reverse association between body image and self-esteem (P<0.01). Discussion: Our analysis reflects that amputees see themselves negatively, which leads to a lack of self-esteem. Also, a feeling of negative body image affects their self-esteem. Hospitals should provide specialists in mental health and psychological therapy to increase the chance for early intervention and psychological treatment in these cases. The hospitals must provide programs to guide amputees and reduce their psychological problems.}, Keywords = {Amputation, Body image, Self-esteem}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {237-244}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1621.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1568-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1568-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {SalamH.AL-Salih, Sadiq and JaberMuhbes, Fakhri}, title = {Study of Nurses’ Knowledge About COVID-19 in Al-Hilla Teaching Hospitals}, abstract ={Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis that emerged at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century and changed the lives of millions of people globally. Nurses have close contact with infectious patients; therefore, nurses need to obtain sufficient knowledge in this regard. They need to assess their level of knowledge about COVID-19 and explore their needs to enhance and improve their knowledge in order to be more qualified to fight this virus. This study intends to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 and to find out the differences in nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive (cross-sectional design) study was conducted to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 in Al-Hilla teaching hospitals in Al-Hilla City, Iraq, from September 25, 2020, to February 20, 2022. Using a convenient sampling method, a sample of 200 nurses working at epidemic hospitals was selected. The data collection process began with a questionnaire, which nurses answered as a self-report (questionnaire). Then the questionnaires were collected from the respondents. The average time to fill out the questionnaire was between 10 and 20 minutes. Results: The findings indicate that most nurses (58%) had poor knowledge about COVID-19. There were significant differences in nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their educational levels (P<0.05) and experience in epidemiological wards (P<0.05). Also, there was no difference between nurses’ attitudes toward COVID-19 with regard to their experience in epidemiological wards (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their source of information about COVID-19 (P<0.05). Discussion: The present study revealed that nurses had moderate knowledge about COVID-19. They had poor knowledge related to the prevention of COVID-19, while they had poor knowledge as overall knowledge related to COVID-19.}, Keywords = {Study, Nurses, Knowledge, COVID-19, Hospitals}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {245-252}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1765.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1633-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1633-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {JumaElywy, Gossoon and Radhi, Mohammed Malih and KhyooshAl-Eqabi, Qasim Abbas}, title = {Social Support and Its Association With the Quality of Life (QoL) of Amputees}, abstract ={Objectives: Social support is an essential source of psychological support that a disabled person needs in daily life. Social support and level of satisfaction affect how the patient perceives the various stresses of life. Because of few studies on amputees, it is necessary to study social support and its impact on their quality of life (QoL). This study investigates social support and its relationship to QoL among amputation cases living in Kut City, Iraq. Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 150 participants attending the Prosthetics Center in Kut. We investigated the relationship between social support and the QoL of amputees. The study questionnaire’s reliability was assessed through a pilot study, and it was subsequently presented to experts for validation. The information was collected through interview techniques and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: The Mean age of the participants was 38 years. They were mostly married males and unemployed with low economic status. Findings show that 68% of the participants expressed poor social support. Their social status, residents, and income had been influenced the social support (Mean±SD: 34.18±14.978), and 62% expressed a poor QoL (Mean±SD: 85.37±21.008). There was a significant correlation between social support and QoL (P=0.000), and social support significantly affected the QoL for amputation cases (P=0.000). Discussion: There is a strong significant positive correlation between social support and QoL. The QoL among amputated cases was dependent on their social support. If family, friends, and community members provide embellished social support for amputees, they can face adversity and crises and lead their lives more effectively.}, Keywords = {Social support, Quality of Life, Amputation}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {253-260}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1784.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1657-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1657-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {NadhimSuhib, Raghad and HashimMohammed, Saj}, title = {Psychosocial Burden and Its Relationship to the Quality of Life (QoL) of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Mothers’ Feedback}, abstract ={Objectives: To investigate the psychosocial burden on mothers and its relationship to the Quality of Life (QoL) of children with cerebral palsy living in Babylon Province, Iraq. Methods: This research is a descriptive correlational study. A non-probability sampling method was used to choose a sample of 150 mothers who had children with cerebral palsy. According to the Babel Health Directorate, this sample was recruited from two hospitals: Imam AL-Sadiq Hospital and Babylon Rehabilitation Centre. The reliability of the study questionnaire was achieved through a pilot study and then presented to experts to prove its validity. The total number of items included in the study questionnaire was 20 items. The data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: According to the findings, 49.3% of mothers experienced a high level of psychological burden, 68.7% a high level of social burden, and 92% experienced a low QoL for their cerebral palsy children. The QoL for cerebral palsy children was significantly correlated with mothers’ psychosocial burden (r=-0.142; P=0.012). Discussion: Mothers expressed a high level of psychological burden as a risk for psychiatric morbidity because of the burden of care, which leads to a relative reduction or stimulation of parents’ demands. Mothers’ psychosocial burdens are highly associated with their children’s QoL. More research is needed to assess the requirements and concerns of families with CP children.}, Keywords = {Psychosocial, Mothers, Cerebral Palsy, Quality of Life}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {261-270}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1791.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1666-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1666-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Derevyanko, Julia P. and Filatova, Elena A. and Grinyova, Olga I. and Pchelkina, Eugenia P. and Razuvaeva, Tatyana N. and Sharapov, Alexey O. and Shvezova, Vitalina A.}, title = {The Course of Life Concept Development in Students Inclined to Deviant Behavior}, abstract ={Objectives: Deviant behavior has become a global issue of great concern and requires immediate attention. This study aimed to investigate the course of life concept development in students inclined to deviant behavior. Methods: This experimental and empirical study was performed by a structural correlation as a quasi-experimental design in 2019-2020. The study setting was the Belgorod National State Research University, and the target population was the students aged 18 to 21 who tended toward deviant behavior. The samples were selected based on real groups’ involvement and polar groups’ isolation and comparison. The variables were the correction program aimed at developing personal notions about the life path in students and the qualities that make up the content of the “temporary” and “value-semantic” aspects of the subjects’ notions about the life path. Data on deviant behavior were collected using the questionnaires of a tendency to deviant behavior and the deviant behavior questionnaire of Robinson and Bennett. The structural equation modeling, partial least squares method, and SmartPLS software were used to validate the original model and test the hypotheses. Results: Only 27% of students tended towards deviant behavior (group 1), and 73% were normal students (group 2). The students in group 1 had a higher tendency to nonconformism (P≤0.01), moderate inclination to addictive behavior (P≤0.01), and more aggressive tendencies (P≤0.01) compared to the students in group 2. Also, in the students in group 1, “present” and “past” times were described as joyful, light, real, close, calm, voluminous, bright, and active, but “future” time as passive, motionless, empty, little, flat, petty and narrow. In terms of value-semantic measurement of students’ life concepts, the students prone to deviant behavior did not have meaningful purposes in the future that give life meaningfulness and direction. Discussion: Based on the study findings, a higher tendency for nonconformism, addictive behavior, and aggressive tendencies was found in the students with a tendency to deviant behavior. Also, these students lack meaningful purposes in the future that give life meaning and direction, and they live for today or yesterday. It is suggested that the correctional and development work under a program aimed at the personal course of life concepts development reduce the students’ inclination to deviant behavior.}, Keywords = {Life concepts, Deviant behavior, Value-Semantic sphere, Life temporal aspects, Inclination to deviant behavior}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {271-278}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1696.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1551-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1551-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hadi, Burhan and Mohammed, Saj}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Nurses’ Quality of Life in Iraq}, abstract ={Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic’s significant effect on society has led to the death of many people. Nurses have saved many lives despite their high workload and infection risk. Nurses are among the medical staff who have long working hours and more interaction with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition can quickly change their quality of life (QoL). The study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the nurses’ QoL in Iraq. Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional online study. A non-probability snowball sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A total of 1000 nurses in Iraq completed an online questionnaire on the “QoL during COVID-19 scale,” the Arabic version, from March to May 2021. The researchers used statistical methods of percentage, frequency, linear regression, 1-way ANOVA, and independent t test. Results: The regression analysis revealed the COVID-19 impact on the nurses’ QoL (P=0.029) and the relationships between the QoL and demographic characteristics of the study samples such as gender, marital status, years of experience in the nursing field, as well as the personal protective equipment available in the workplace (P=0.00, P=0.01, P=0.01, and P=0.033, respectively). Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the QoL of nurses. There are significant relationships between nurses’ QoL with sociodemographic variables such as age, marital status, years of experience in the nursing field, and personal protective equipment available in the workplace.}, Keywords = {COVID-19 pandemic, Nurses, Quality of Life, Quality of Life Scale}, volume = {20}, Number = {2}, pages = {279-286}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.2.1745.4}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1667-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1667-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Bahramizadeh, Mahmood and Khaliliyan, Hanieh}, title = {Efficacy of Different Types of Foot Orthoses on Postural Control in Subjects With Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Objectives: Lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries to the musculoskeletal system, especially among active people. This injury causes complex complications, such as recurrent sprain because of reduced postural control. Foot orthoses are among the interventions used to improve postural control in this population. This review aims to investigate foot orthoses to improve postural control among patients with an acute or chronic lateral ankle sprain.  Methods: Four electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Google scholar) were searched for experimental studies. Articles were selected using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method. The articles were reviewed for their quality based on the standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy statements and then entered into this review. Results: The search results in all databases provided a total of 48 articles. After reviewing the documents, we excluded 38 articles that did not pass the inclusion criteria, resulting in 10 remaining articles. Data extraction from population, interventions, and outcome measures was done for these 10 articles. Discussion: Foot orthoses are effective in improving the postural control of individuals with an acute or chronic lateral ankle sprain. Considering the existence of mechanical and functional instability, foot orthosis which is made to affect the proprioception and follow the biomechanics of the body seems to be the most effective in this field; however, more studies are required to confirm this}, Keywords = {Postural control, Ankle sprain, Ankle instability, Foot orthoses, Textured insoles}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {287-296}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1719.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1627-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1627-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {LanangSanjaya, Ersa and Suminar, Dewi Retno and AinyFardana, Nur}, title = {Fathers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Literature Review}, abstract ={Objectives: The involvement of parents in raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is crucial for both the child’s development and family functioning. However, studies relating to parental involvement in parenting children with ASD mainly focus on the mother’s perspective, resulting in a lack of understanding of the father’s role. On the other hand, the father involvement in parenting plays a vital role in children, partners, and family dynamics.  Methods: The current research is a literature review utilizing a database called Scopus. The main objectives of the paper are to examine predictors of father involvement in parenting children with ASD and to provide an overview of fathers’ experiences in raising children with ASD. Results: A total of 100 articles were found. After the screening and review process, 21 articles were included in the main review. The literature review found that studies relating to father involvement in parenting children with ASD are dominated by research on the impacts on parents and descriptions of fathers’ experiences raising children with ASD. Discussion: Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies on the predictors of father involvement in parenting children with ASD. In addition, the majority of studies on the parenting of fathers of children with ASD examine the issue from a Western perspective, thus necessitating broader studies. The research limitations are outlined in the article.}, Keywords = {Literature review, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Father-involvement}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {297-304}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1622.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1481-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1481-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghazi, Shamim and Haresabadi, Fatemeh and MalekiShahmahmood, Toktam}, title = {The Effects of the Early-onset Otitis Media on Cognitive Skills in Children: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Objectives: Some children are at risk of middle ear infections; however, the impact of the fluctuating hearing sensations on cognitive systems and immature central auditory is not fully recognized. Therefore, we reviewed and discussed the impact of early-otitis media on the cognitive skills of affected school-aged children. Methods: A computerized search of the databases was conducted between January 2000 and December 2020 using the following keywords, including “otitis media” and “cognition” or “attention” or “memory” or “working memory” or “short term memory”. Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and appraising the quality, seven studies were included and the data were extracted. Some of the articles reported a relationship between otitis media with effusion (OME) and cognitive deficits in 5 years old children and the other studies did not yield significant association. Discussion: It seems that children with OME experience difficulties in attention and memory; though, the relationship between early childhood OME and cognitive skills in children at school ages is not yet definitive and need more comprehensive and well-organized studies.}, Keywords = {Otitis media, Cognition, Attention, Memory}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {305-316}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1544.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1426-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1426-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Pirnazar, Tayebeh and Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi, Masoumeh and ZadehMohammadi, Ali and Haidarian, Milad and Ahmadi, Ahm}, title = {The Efficacy of Therapeutic Use of Play on Improving Attention Span of Mild Intellectually Disabled Children}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the therapeutic use of play on improving the attention span of children with Mild Intellectual Disability (MID) in elementary school. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test with a control group so that 30 girls with MID were selected from an exceptional school in Tehran City, Iran, via convenience sampling method and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The attention span of all subjects was assessed by the Toulouse-Pieron test and the Cognitive Diagnostic Battery (CDB) before and after the therapeutic sessions. The experimental group participated in 16 therapeutic play sessions (35 minutes for each session) for 8 weeks, but the control group did not. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean±SD age were 9.80±1.32 and 9.73±1.22 for the experimental and control groups, respectively. In addition, the mean attention span in the experimental group varied from 7.60 to 18.78 after the therapeutic sessions. In addition, after the therapeutic sessions, a significant difference (P<0.001) was observed between the experimental and control groups relating to attention span. According to the Eta quotient, 94% of the variation in the attention span of the experimental group is due to participating in the intervention sessions. Discussion: Therapeutic use of play is an effective method to improve the attention span of children with MID. Therefore, the therapeutic use of play can be applied to improve the academic performance of students with MID and reduce negative outcomes due to inattention.}, Keywords = {Attention span, Children, Mild Intellectual Disability, Play}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {317-326}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.179.8}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1538-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1538-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Siminghalam, Mona and Alibakhshi, Hossein and Bakhtiyari, Jalal and Salmani, Masoomeh and Doostian, Younes}, title = {Investigation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of the Persian Version of the New Multidimensional Depression Scale in Diagnosing Depressive Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: The accuracy of diagnosis in mental disorders, such as depression is the basis of correct treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the new multidimensional depression scale in diagnosing depressive disorder. Methods: Two groups of participants were assessed by the new multidimensional depression scale (NMDS) and structured clinical interview for axis i disorders (SCID-I). The experimental group included 55 outpatientswith major depressive disorder selected via the convenience sampling method. The control group included 95 university students recruited via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to achieve the cut-off score. Results: Based on the results of the ROC analysis, the cutoff score of 106 was the intersection of the two sensitivity and specificity indices, where these two indices have an optimal relationship. This score simultaneously provided the lowest number of false positives and false negatives compared to other scores. Discussion: It can be acknowledged that the present study supports the clinical efficacy of the new multidimensional depression scale as a screening instrument for diagnosing depressive disorder.}, Keywords = {Depression scale, Sensitivity, Specificity, Depressive disorder}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {327-332}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.904.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1494-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1494-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {NajafiGhagholestani, Behnoosh and Gandomi, Farzaneh and Assar, Shirin and RichardSpears, Lai}, title = {Effects of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Aquatic Exercises on the Pain, Disability, Lumbopelvic Control, and Spinal Posture of Patients With Non-specific Low Back Pain}, abstract ={Objectives: Using an exercise intervention to improve lumbopelvic control (LPC) can enhance the pain severity and disability of participants with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). The present study aimed to compare dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercises and common aquatic exercises (AEs) in terms of improving the pain, disability, LPC, and spinal posture of patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Methods: This single-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 45 subjects who were randomly divided into three groups, such as DNS (n=15), AEs (n=15), and control (n=15). LPC, spinal posture, pain severity, and disability were assessed in pretest and six weeks after the intervention by pressure biofeedback, a spinal mouse device, the visual analog scale (VAS), and the Oswestry disability questionnaire, respectively. No intervention was implemented for the control group.  Results: No significant differences were observed between the study groups regarding the impact of the interventions on improving pain and disability (P>0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the AEs and DNS groups regarding the improvement of LPC disorders (P>0.05). The spinal inclination angle (P=0.03) and inclination of range of motion (P=0.05) were significantly improved only by the AEs. Discussion: According to the results, the DNS exercises and AEs had no significant differences in terms of impact on the improvement of pain, disability, and LPC. Therefore, proper alternatives can be used to enhance such dysfunctions in case of a lack of access to pools and hydrotherapy pools. }, Keywords = {Chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP), Posture, Spine, Pain, Lumbopelvic}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {333-344}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1319.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1552-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1552-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Muhammad, Syed and Khan, Aqeel Ahmed and Kamran, Muhammad and Asghar, Ejaz and Saqulain, Ghulam and Khan, Muhammad Imran and Hayat, Shoukat}, title = {Androgenic Anabolic Steroids Use in Pakistan From the Perspective of Bodybuilders}, abstract ={Objectives: To determine the prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) use among bodybuilders in different cities of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 380 bodybuilders utilizing convenience sampling from different cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The sample included male bodybuilders aged 18 to 50 years. The basic demographic sheet and a self-designed form were used to collect data. SPSS software v. 21 was utilized for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to observe any relationship with P<0.05 as significant. Results: The current study showed a prevalence of 109 (28.68%) AAS use in bodybuilders with testosterone being most commonly used. A total of 54 people (49.5%) used self-administration, 38 people (34.9%) used it for the short-term while 27 people (24.8%) used it in long-term. Bodybuilders were mostly inspired by peers 73 (67%) and encouraged by coaches 62 (56.9%) to use AAS. Regarding knowledge of AAS, its usage, benefits, and side effects, the majority (89%) had little or no knowledge. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of AAS is quite prevalent among bodybuilders in Pakistan with 28.68% of AAS mainly using testosterone preparation, and bodybuilders of age 20 to 40 mainly consuming AAS. Peers were the main inspiration for most (67%) and encouraged by their coaches to use AAS (56.9%).}, Keywords = {Androgenic anabolic steroids, Health, Human body, Power, Testosterone}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {345-354}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1335.6}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shafaghatian, Negar and Bordbar, Arash and Maroufizadeh, Saman and Mirzakhani, Navid and Amini, Malek}, title = {The Predictive Effect of Individual and Environmental Factors on Motor Performance of Low Birth Weight Infants}, abstract ={Objectives: Premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are exposed to environmental risks that may cause developmental problems i. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of individual and environmental factors on the motor performance of low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neonatal clinic of Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. A group of 90 low birth weight infants were enrolled in the study by non-probabilistic method and according to the inclusion criteria. Test of infant motor performance (TIMP), sensory profile2 (infant section), affordance in the home environment for motor development (AHEMD), and a demographic questionnaire were used to evaluate motor performance, sensory status, home environment, and other factors (birth weight, corrected age, parent’s education, etc.), respectively. Results: TIMP elicited score was positively correlated with the infant’s age (r=0.390, P<0.001) and infant’s weight (r=0.260, P=0.011), and negatively correlated with duration of hospitalization in NICU (r=-0.210, P=0.047). A significant negative correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total infant sensory profile2 score (r=0.391, P<0.001) and a positive correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total affordance in the home environment for motor development score (r=0.207 P=0.049).  Discussion: The present study’s results showed that elicited movement has a significant relationship with infant sensory status and home environment and demographic variables (infant’s age, gender, infant’s weight, type of delivery, NICU duration, father and mother’s age, number of family children) and the sensory status has a more predictive effect on infant motor performance than the environmental questionnaire.}, Keywords = {Motor performance, Low birth weight, Premature infant, Sensory profile, Home environment}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {355-362}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1501.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1387-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1387-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rostampourgonbaki, Mohaddeseh and Deghanpour, Niloofar and Kiakojouri, Keivan and Dehghan, Mehdi and Gholinia, Hemmat}, title = {Acoustic Voice Measures in Benign Mass Lesions}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study aims to compare acoustic voice parameters in patients with vocal cord nodules, polyps, and normal subjects.  Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, the participants were selected by convenience sampling, including 30 patients with vocal polyps for the first group, 38 patients with vocal nodules for the second group, and 42 participants without voice pathologies as the control group. For each group, participants were examined by a speech and language pathologist (SLP) using an Endo-vision laryngoscope. Acoustic voice parameters were measured by MDVP software in Visi-Pitch; then, these parameters were compared in groups in terms of sex. Results: Three groups showed significant differences in terms of fundamental frequency (P<0.001), jitter (P<0.001), shimmer (P<0.001), and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) values (P<0.001). Women in three groups had the substantial differences in terms of fundamental frequency (P<0.001), jitter (P<0.001), shimmer (P<0.001), and NHR (P<0.001). For men, the three groups showed a significant difference for jitter (P<0.001) and shimmer (P=0.001), but for NHR (P=024), and fundamental frequency (P=0.93) no signification difference were observed.  Discussion: It seems that the existence of benign mass lesions, such as vocal cord nodules and polyps affects the acoustic parameters of the voice. The measurement of acoustic voice parameters may help us to differentiate between the voices of normal people and patients with vocal cord nodules and polyps as a supplementary assessment in clinical procedures.}, Keywords = {Vocal fold polyps, Vocal nodule, Acoustic parameters, Voice analysis, Multi-dimensional voice program}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {363-368}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1596.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1537-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1537-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rezayi, Saeed and Hasanvand, Mohammad Bagher}, title = {Effectiveness of Play Therapy Based on Social Cognition in Children With Internalized Behavioral Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives: Internalizing disorders include disorders, such as major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and somatic disorders. In the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recognized as a distinct group, but anxiety is a common symptom. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy programs based on social cognition in children with internalized behavioral disorders. Methods: This study was an experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The subjects were screened based on the inclusion criteria, then 20 children with internalized behavioral disorders were selected after the matching process, and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (10 persons in each group). The intervention program was implemented in 10 sessions over 3 months. In this research, the Achenbach questionnaire (teacher report form) was used to assess students’ behavioral problems. Results: The results showed that play therapy with the social cognition method decreased the behavioral problems in children with the internalizing disorder (P≤0.05).  Discussion: It suggested that this supportive program can be implemented in a community of children with internalizing behavioral disorders.}, Keywords = {Play therapy, Social cognition, Internalizing disorder, Students}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {369-378}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1610.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1473-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1473-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kabusi, Malihe and Sepehr, Parvin and Poursadeghian, Mohsen and Zamani, Zahra and Tahghighi, Hossein and SalehiSahlabadi, Ali and EbrahimpourRoodposhti, Maryam and Shafiei, Zahra and Amanat, Nasir and Eshaghzadeh, Maliheh}, title = {Psychological Effects of the Outbreak of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed healthcare workers to heavy stress and made them vulnerable to various types of mental illnesses. This study aims to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward. Methods: This study was performed during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 9-Dey Hospital of Torbat Heydarieh in Iran, in which a total of 178 healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward participated via the census sampling method. In this study, we employed the Goldberg general health questionnaire along with a researcher-made questionnaire on the experience of exposure to COVID-19 disease. Following the completion of the questionnaires, the participants’ data were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests (the Spearman and Pearson correlations). Results: Our results showed 91.1%, 77.57%, 87.55%, 87.07%, 56.75%, and 74.16% for the general health, physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The results showed a significant association between the experience of exposure to COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders (P<0.05). Discussion: Access to counseling and psychotherapy systems, rehabilitation, and the improvement of working conditions can effectively enhance resilience and promote the mental health of healthcare workers and increase the quality of care and treatment services.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Nurses, Mental health, Stress}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {379-386}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1631.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1484-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1484-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Beha, Admir}, title = {Examining the Influencing Factors on Deaf Children in Treatment Procedure and Family Environment}, abstract ={Objectives: This paper aims to determine the factors that affect the position of deaf children within the professional treatment procedure and family environment. Methods: The sample consisted of 217 respondents, of which 94 were parents of deaf and hard-of-hearing children and 123 respondents were professionals. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were applied for processing the results. Testing was performed with Wilks lambda, and the tested significance in the discriminant analysis was done via the F test at the statistical significance of 0.01. Results: The results demonstrated a relationship between the influence of the communication system and the attitude of the environment toward deaf children where the communication discriminatory factor was isolated. Insufficient information from the experts and decision-making factors in the education and rehabilitation processes are also isolated.  Discussion: The obtained results indicated that it is necessary to carry out a series of systematic activities to improve and enhance the cooperation between parents and professionals to increase the level of information of professionals and to develop better models of counseling, education, and working with parents. }, Keywords = {Parents, Experts in the treatment procedure, Deaf children, Influencing factors}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {387-396}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1637.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1496-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1496-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {EsmaeilzadehAshini, Mohammad and Nasri, Sadegh and SeadateeShamir, Aboutaleb}, title = {Modeling the Relationship Between Affective Balance, Social Intelligence, and Speech Anxiety With the Mediating Role of Consequence Expectation}, abstract ={Objectives: There are several predictor variables for speech anxiety (SA) among students. Affective balance (AB) and social intelligence (SI) are two main factors in this field. In this study, we assess the mediating role of consequence expectation (CE) among these variables. Accordingly, this study aims to explore a model of the relationships between AB, SI, and SA mediated by CE among teacher-training students of Farhangian University. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study and the population included students of teacher-education courses at the Farhangian University in Kerman Province, Iran, in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample included 740 participants who were selected via the cluster sampling method. They completed the speech anxiety thoughts inventory, the Bradburn scale of psychological well-being (1969), the social intelligence questionnaire, and the personal outcome expectancy scale. Results: The results showed that the model of explaining AB, SI, and SA through the mediating role of CE in teacher-training students of Farhangian University has an acceptable fit. Hence, AB has a direct effect on SA. SI has a direct effect on SA and AB has a direct effect on the expectation of CE. Meanwhile, SI has a direct effect on the CE and AB has an indirect effect on SA through the mediating role of the CE. And, SI has an indirect effect on SA by the mediating role of the CE. Discussion: We can conclude the proposed model of the relationship between AB, SI, and SA with the mediating CE among teacher-training students of Farhangian University is fit and has proper values.}, Keywords = {Affect, Intelligence, Anxiety, Expectancy}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {397-404}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1644.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Satar, Seher and Candemir, Ipek and Ergun, Pinar}, title = {Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Chance for a Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach}, abstract ={Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressively worsening lung function, ventilation capacity, dyspnea, and finally reduced exercise intolerance. All of these have a significant negative impact on functional capacity and quality of life. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in IPF and assess the predictors of success. Methods: Data from 17 IPF patients who completed the program from the total of 27 patients who applied to PR were used in our study. We evaluated their pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, peripheral-respiratory muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and psychological states before and after PR. Results: Following the PR program, improvements over the minimal clinically important differences were observed in almost all parameters compared to the baseline; however, statistically significant improvements were only observed in the medical research council (P=0.020), the St. George respiratory questionnaire (P=0.002), the maximal inspiratory pressure (P=0.024), the anxiety score (P=0.001), the depression score (P=0.002), and the right quadriceps muscle strength (P=0.046). There was only a statistically significant negative correlation between the initial forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in one-second value with the increase in patients’ maximal inspiratory pressure values after PR.  Discussion: After a multidisciplinary, comprehensive PR program, dyspnea sensation, exercise capacity, endurance time, quality of life, respiratory and peripheral muscle strengths, and psychological status were improved regardless of age, gender, antifibrotic treatment, and comorbidities. Therefore, patients should be referred to PR units before the deterioration in the quality of life in the early stages of the disease.}, Keywords = {Pulmonary rehabilitation, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Quality of life, Muscle strength, Improvements}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {405-414}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1655.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1510-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1510-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {GholamiyanArefi, Mohadese and Safaeyan, Sediqe and Ghaemi, Hamideh and Balouchian, Ghazaleh and Dabirian, Mohaddeseh and Rezaei, Moones and Ezazi, Leila and HeidarianMiri, Hamid and Sobhani-Rad, Davoo}, title = {Speech and Reading Disorders Screening, and Problems in Structure and Function of Articulation Organs in Children in Mashhad City, Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: Investigating the prevalence of speech and language disorders and the contributing factors can help determine the best treatment options suited to the needs of these patients. So far, no comprehensive study has been conducted on screening speech and reading disorders and Problems in the Structure and Function of Articulation Organs (PSFAOs) in children in Mashhad City, Iran. This study aims to screen for these disorders and investigate the effects of demographic factors on such disorders. Methods: Via the stratified-cluster sampling method, 2770 native Persian-speaking children participated in this study, of whom 1381 were girls and 1389 were boys, ranging from preschool to the third grade (3 to 9 years old). After obtaining the demographic information, the PSFAOs screening was performed for all participants using a semi-structured questionnaire taken from Paul et al.’s report (2017). Screening for a grade of dysphonia was then carried out for children with suspected voice disorders using the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain test. Fluency of speech screening for children with suspected fluency disorders was performed using the stuttering severity instrument – fourth edition test, and screening of reading skills for school children was performed using the screening inventory reading test. Analytical analysis was performed via the Chi-square test between study variables, including disorders and other variables. Two types of logistic regression models were used. The data were analyzed using survey data analysis of the Stata software, version 14.1, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, PSFAOs, reading disorders, and multiple disorders (presence of two or more disorders per person) was 1.62%, 1.99%, 1.69%, 1.1%, 8.21%, and 14.89%, respectively. Descriptive analysis showed that the prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, and multiple disorders was higher in boys compared to girls (P=0.000), while the prevalence of reading disorders and PSFAOs was higher in girls (P=0.000). Furthermore, articulation disorders and reading disorders were more common in first-graders. The prevalence of voice disorders, stuttering, and PSFAOs were higher in the third graders. The logistic regression analysis showed that boys were more likely to develop speech and language disorders compared to girls (OR=1.3, P=0.01), and first-, second-, and third-graders were less likely to have such disorders when compared to preschoolers (OR=0.8, P=0.03). Discussion: Compared to previous studies, the different rates of prevalence of the disorders studied in this investigation are related to differences in their methodology, the number of samples, age, linguistic and cultural characteristics of the subjects, and individual factors. In this study, the prevalence of the studied disorders was higher in boys, first-graders, and children with families of 4 or more. The development of speech and language skills is different between genders; slower maturation of male brains seems to predispose them to slower development of speech skills. The lower prevalence in school-age children may be because these disorders gradually resolve during the early years of childhood. Moreover, low family socioeconomic status and family size may be the contributing factors to speech and language disorders.}, Keywords = {Speech and language disorders, Preschool children, Primary school students, Screening, Reading, Mashhad}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {415-424}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1656.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1512-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1512-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Tavassoli, Afsaneh and Soltani, Sima and Jamali, Seyedeh Mahboobeh and AleEbrahim, Nader}, title = {A Research on Violence Against Women: Are the Trends Growing?}, abstract ={Objectives: Violence against women is a global public health problem. Although there has been much research done on violence against women, there are few studies that provide the current scientific production. Methods: In this study, bibliometric analysis has been used to evaluate the 1984 documents from 1986 to 2020 based on the Scopus database. These documents were analyzed quantitatively by the Bibliometric R Package and the VOS viewer software. In addition, the 20 top-cited papers were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The research findings show that the United States is a leader in this field with the most highly cited articles and also the greatest number of publications followed by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A total of 1984 documents were collected from the Scopus database and were analyzed in the Bibliometric R Research Package and the VOSviewer software. The results demonstrated that the average citations per year for each document were 23.39% and the annual scientific production growth rate was 16.86%. The keywords analysis indicates that most articles focus on “sexual violence”, “sexual assault”, “intimate partner violence”, “violence against women”, “sexual abuse”, “domestic violence”, “child sexual abuse”, “prevention”, and “rape.” Sources such as the “Journal of Interpersonal Violence”, “Journal of Violence Against Woman”, “Journal of Violence and Victims”, “Psychology of Women Quarterly”, “Journal of Adolescent Health”, “Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, “American Journal of Public Health”, “Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, and “American Journal of Public Health”, and “The Lancet” are the top most productive in this field. Discussion: Examining the articles showed that the vast majority of women have experienced verbal, sexual, intimate partner violence, cyber harassment, and so on.}, Keywords = {Bibliometric, Violence against women, Sexual harassment, Gender discrimination, Sexual assault, Women}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {425-440}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1664.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1521-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1521-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hoseini-Beidokhti, Masoumeh and Abaeian, Golnoosh and Abedini-Baghbadorani, Sara and Latifi, Seyed Mahmou}, title = {Quality and Effectiveness of Virtual Education From the Viewpoint of Rehabilitation Professors and Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences During the COVID-19 Pandemic}, abstract ={Objectives: The emergence of COVID-19 and its prevalence in the global community had various economic, social, emotional, psychological, and educational impacts. The closure of schools and universities in the country because of the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the emergence of e-Learning in education at all levels. Given the importance of virtual education during the pandemic and the need to improve its quality at schools and universities, this study aims to explore the quality, efficacy, and understanding of the strengths and drawbacks of virtual education from the perspectives of professors and students at Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In the domains of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and audiology, the current descriptive-analytical study was done with 17 professors and 210 undergraduate and postgraduate (master’s degree) students. The data was collected using the Persian version of the Watkins e-learning standard questionnaire and was analyzed via the SPSS software, v. 26. Results: From the professors’ perspective, the quality and effectiveness of virtual education based on different components of the questionnaire did not differ significantly and all dimensions were considered effective. However, the students considered the dimensions of technology access and online skills and relationships as strengths and faced challenges in the importance of success. Discussion: Considering the identified strengths and challenges, it seems that policymakers in the field of education should pay special attention to providing the necessary conditions and facilities to improve the quality of learners’ virtual education. }, Keywords = {e-learning, Virtual education, Quality of e-Learning, Effectiveness of virtual education, Rehabilitation}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {441-448}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1665.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1519-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1519-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Nesayan, Abbas and AsadiGandomani, Roghayeh}, title = {Sensory Profile in Infant/Toddler: Birth to 36 Months}, abstract ={Objectives: Sensory processing patterns refer to a person’s ability to receive and respond to sensory events which are important to succeed in daily routine activities. This study aims to determine the sensory processing patterns in infants/toddlers.  Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 518 infants/toddlers participated in this study. Their ages ranged from birth to 36 months. Parents completed the infant/toddler sensory profile for all participants.  Results: No significant difference was observed between girls and boys in sensory processing from birth to 6 months; however, there is a significant difference between girls and boys in low registration, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoidance from 7-36 months. In addition, no significant difference was detected between children born by cesarean and those born through natural childbirth in terms of sensory processing (quadrants and scores) from birth to 6 months and 7-36 months. There is a significant difference between preterm and full-term children (birth to 6 months) in auditory processing. The findings also indicate only a significant difference in oral sensory processing between the preterm and full-term children (7-36 months).  Discussion: We discussed sensory processing patterns in children and their differences based on different factors. The results of this study can provide considerations for Iranian occupational therapists and psychologists.}, Keywords = {Sensory profile, Infant, Toddler}, volume = {20}, Number = {3}, pages = {449-458}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.3.1667.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1525-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1525-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Teymouri, Robab and NajafiFard, Tahereh and Amaraei, Kourosh and Bahrami, Ehsan and GhorbaniKalkhajeh, Shabnam and Yousefi, Saheb}, title = {Analyzing the Effectiveness of Communication Skills on Sibling Relationship of Adolescents With Down Syndrome}, abstract ={Objectives: Sibling relationships are often among the long-lasting relationships and more than two-thirds of adolescents with siblings introduce their siblings as the most important people in their life. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills on sibling relationships among adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study based on a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. A total of 60 adolescents were members of the Iranian association for Down syndrome in Tehran City, Iran. From this population, 30 adolescents were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into two groups (experimental and control). At first, the adolescents’ parents responded to the sibling relationship questionnaire. Then, the experimental group attended 10 sessions on communication skills. Following the tenth session, parents completed the sibling relationship questionnaire once more. The data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in two dimensions of warmth/closeness and conflict following the intervention program compared to the control group (P<0.01). However, the difference between the two groups was not significant in the other dimensions, namely relative status/power and rivalry. Discussion: It seems that communication skills training is an appropriate intervention to improve sibling relationships of adolescents with Down syndrome.}, Keywords = {Communication skills, Down syndrome, Sibling relationship}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {459-468}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.255.11}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1155-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1155-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Khanjani, Mohammad Saeed and FallahiBookani, Najibeh and Abdi, Kianoush}, title = {The Experience of Involved Individuals From the Implementing Challenges of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Iran: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Objectives: One of the prominent vital needs for implementing a community-based rehabilitation (CBR) program is correct perception and we know that CBR is linked to several challenges. The current study was performed to identify the challenges of implementing a CBR program in Iran based on the perceptions of the stakeholders.  Methods: This study was qualitative conventional content analysis. In total, 25 participants who were staff of the Welfare Organization at different levels, managers, and experts working in the CBR project and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were selected according to purposive sampling. Data gathering was performed by semi-structured and in-depth interviews and continued until saturation. The interviews were performed in 2020. To test the trustworthiness of data, the Guba and Lincoln criteria (credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability) and MAXQDA were used for data analysis. Results: The challenges of implementing a CBR program were identified. Eight novel categories and 39 subcategories were generated as follows: neglecting the local conditions and role of provinces, poor policymaking, and planning, deviation from the main goals, lack of a comprehensive evaluation system, inefficient resource management, weakness in facilitation, ineffective communication, and the inefficiency of NGOs). Discussion: Policymakers, service providers, and managers must understand the challenges of implementing a CBR program. Also, they are expected to address to this issue. This paper showed evidence for all stakeholders. Paying attention to these challenges can lead to the program’s tremendous success and ultimately, improved service provision and quality of life for people with disabilities and their families. The results support the need for policymakers and managers in the rehabilitation sector to change their vision and address the CBR as an essential part of the rehabilitation system. Also, the collected data could help to reinforce the CBR services.}, Keywords = {Community-based rehabilitation, Challenge, Implementation, Qualitative study}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {469-480}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.51.5}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1643-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1643-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Zahra and Mohammadi, Fatemeh and Amirzadeh-Iranagh, Jamileh and Khorani, Hossein and Motalebi, Seyedeh Ameneh}, title = {Disability Among Older Adults Residing in Poldasht, Iran in 2018: The Role of Social Aupport as A Protective Factor}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study examined the role of social support in protecting against disability among older people residing in Poldasht, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 305 older adults who were selected by random sampling method. The World Health Organization standardized disability scale (WHODASS2) and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) were applied to collect the data. Data analysis was run through a multiple linear regression model by SPSS software, version 23. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: The mean age of older people was 69.13±7.63 years. The highest incidence of disability was in the subscale of community participation (n=111, 36.4%) and mobility (n=111, 36.4%). The results revealed that age (β=0.32, P<0.001), financial status (β=0.14, P=0.002), job (β=-0.18, P=0.02), number of physical illnesses (β=-0.21, P<0.001), and social support (β=-0.17, P<0.001) were predictive factors of disability among older people. Discussion: The results showed a high prevalence of disability among older people. Given the protective role of social support in reducing disability, it is suggested to consider this cost-effective factor in attempts to deal with disability and then promote the quality of life of this vulnerable group.}, Keywords = {Aging, Disability evaluation, Social support}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {481-490}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.825.3}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1570-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1570-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Yaghoubi, Soniya and Mosallanezhad, Zahra and Mokhtarinia, Hamid Reza and PhilipGabel, Charles}, title = {Sonographic Measurement of Condylar Translation, Joint space and Mouth Opening in Healthy and Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives: A sonographic approach can be used to quantify joint movement, muscle thickness, and available joint space. This study aimed to compare the amount of mouth opening, joint articular distance, and both anterior and inferior translation of the mandibular condyle between healthy participants and individuals with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used with 52 participants (control: 26 healthy and TMJ: 26 symptomatic individuals) recruited using convenience sampling. The joint space distance and the anterior and inferior condylar translation on both sides were evaluated using sonography during maximum mouth opening and closing. Mouth opening was measured with a graduated ruler. Reliability was performed on a subgroup (n=10) with an interval of 3-7 days. Results: The reliability was good to excellent (ICC=0.57-0.94). The highest reliability was related to the joint space distance. The mean values for mouth opening were 43.1 and 35.3mm, respectively for healthy and TMJ patients. The anterior condylar translation was 7.14-7.57mm, inferior condylar translation was 2.35-2.66mm, and the joint space distance was 49.4-0.44mm. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides in either group. The mouth opening and joint space values were significantly higher in the healthy group while the rate of anterior transition movement was higher but not significant. Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between pain, mouth opening, and joint distance. Discussion: Sonography can be considered an accurate tool for the assessment of joint space and condylar translation in individuals with symptomatic TMJ disorders.}, Keywords = {Ultrasonography, Reliability, Temporomandibular joint disorders, Translatory motions}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {491-500}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.919.4}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1602-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1602-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {TaghizadehKerman, Maedeh and Yalfani, Ali and EbrahimiAtri, Ahm}, title = {The Association of Trunk and Hip Kinematic With Knee Abduction Angle During Single-Leg Landing}, abstract ={Objectives: Children aged 10 to 12 years often show dangerous maneuvers during landing, which include increased knee valgus, placing them at higher risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The study aimed to investigate the relation of the trunk and hip kinematics with the peak knee abduction angle during single-leg landing among preadolescent female soccer players. Methods: Thirty-six preadolescent female soccer players aged 10 to 12 years attended the study. Participants did a static trial and after that performed landing trials. A single-leg landing was applied to assess the landing kinematics. A three-dimensional motion capture system was applied to analyze trunk, hip, and knee kinematics. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a significantly positive relationship between peak hip internal rotation angle (r=0.361) (P=0.03) and peak knee abduction angle. Furthermore, no significant relationship was identified between peak hip adduction (r=-0.102) (P=0.55), peak trunk rotation (r=0.239) (P=0.16), peak trunk lateral flexion (r=0.052) (P=0.76), and peak valgus knee. Discussion: Peak hip rotation angle was correlated with the valgus knee with a weak correlation value among preadolescent female soccer players. Future studies should consider kinematic risk factors related to ACL injuries in combination with neuromuscular control trunk and hip during more demanding tasks.}, Keywords = {Anterior cruciate ligament, Knee, Kinematic, Landing}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {501-508}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1019.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1642-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1642-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Safaee, Mina and Barati, Amir Hossein and Naderifar, Hom}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Eight Weeks of Core Stability Training and Kegel on Diastasis Rectus Abdominis in Multiparous Women}, abstract ={Objectives: Due to the importance of postpartum maternal health and the effect of pregnancy on the increase of recti diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA), this study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of core and Kegel exercise with emphasis on correcting the respiratory pattern on DRA in multiparous women. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study that was conducted on 45 pregnant women who had given birth six weeks ago selected according to the inclusion criteria. Individuals were divided into three selected training groups, including central area, Kegel, and control. The covariance analysis was used for intergroup comparison and a correlated t-test was used for comparison within a group. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS software, version 27.  Results: The results of this study showed the effect of both training programs on reducing the distance between the recti-abdominal muscles (P<0.001). No significant difference was reported between the two training groups in this regard. Also, there was a significant difference in terms of pain between the two training groups and the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two training groups (P>0.045).  Discussion: Due to the reduction of pain and DRA, it seems that using the two training programs can lead to desirable results for the people and represents the importance of using the exercises in the postpartum period.}, Keywords = {Core stability, Women, Rectus Abdominis}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {509-516}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1185.4}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Salmani, Masoomeh and Asadi, Mozhgan and Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl and Shekariyan, Tayebeh and ShahHoseyni, Faeghe}, title = {A New Persian Version of Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure (P-LARSP)}, abstract ={Objectives: In 1998, the Persian form of Language Assessment, Remediation, & Screening Procedure (P-LARSP) was introduced. However, this adapted version remained on library shelves and was not used by Iranian speech and language pathologists (SLPs). The present study aimed to explore the barriers to using P-LARSP, resolve the possible issues, and provide a preliminary grammatical sketch from typical children aged 2-5.  Methods: The study started with two surveys in two different populations to find the possible barriers and then, continued with the cross-cultural adaptation of the LARSP through international guidelines (forward and backward translations, cognitive interviewing, and pretesting). Finally, by the new P-LARSP, 120 language samples obtained from children (aged 2-5) in a free-play context were analyzed and data were processed in SPSS software, version 21. Results: Our surveys showed that Iranian SLPs had little familiarity with the P-LARSP, and they found it unclear, and difficult to understand the framework. While most of the participants recognized the P-LARSP as a relevant framework to analyze language samples, few numbers of participants used the P-LARSP with clinical or research aims. Through cross-cultural adaptation, a simple, clear, relevant, comprehensive, and applicable Persian profile along with a published manual was obtained and introduced to the SLPs through social media, workshops, and national congresses. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of 120 language samples showed grammatical structures have significant changes by age in terms of numbers and varieties of clauses, phrases, inflectional morphemes, and general syntactic indices. Discussion: The present study revealed why the P-LARSP remained unknown. We removed the barriers by introducing a new version of P-LARSP fully in Persian and increasing its simplicity, clarity, and understandability with a proper manual. Introducing the new version through proper channels to the target population was another taken step to increase the familiarity of the Iranian SLPs. In addition, the preliminary data indicated that the new P-LARSP with its manual is applicable to the language samples taken from typically developing children. }, Keywords = {Language, Language tests, Screening, Children, Language remediation, Speech-language pathology}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {517-528}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1470.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1600-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1600-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Saghebi, Hooman and Mirzakhani, Navid and Sharifi, Farshad and Rambod, Camelia and Smith, David and Battersby, Malcolm and Ghahari, Setareh}, title = {Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Partners in Health Scale Among Iranian Adults With Chronic Diseases}, abstract ={Objectives: Characterizing the psychometric attributes of the Persian variant of partners in health (PIH) in multiple sclerosis (MS), Diabetes, and Low Back Pain (LBP) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 183 MS, diabetes, and LBP patients (70 male, 113 female) were treated with PIH post-forward-backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for studying the factor structure. Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Ω coefficients were used to analyze PIH internal consistency. We used an interclass correlation coefficient to evaluate test-retest reliability. Criterion validity was determined by studying the correlation of PIH and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS), and Self-Efficacy in Chronic Disease Self-Management (SES6G). Results: The median age of the participants was 49.73±15.16 years, 113 (61.75%) of them were female, 64 (35.0%) had MS, 66 (36.1%) had diabetes, and 53 (29.0%) had LBP. Content validity was determined across all areas (clarity, relevancy, simplicity) by a content validity index ≥0.82. Additionally, all items were confirmed via a content validity ratio ≥0.78. The outcome of CFA depicts that the statistics presented as model fit were as follows: CFI= 0.938, NFI= 0.899, and RMSEA= 0.085. All PIH items exhibited valid internal consistency (0.886-0.893). The PIH showed sufficient test-retest reliability regarding its corresponding subscales (0.554-0.679). The construct validity was confirmed by the total scores of PIH correlated with the total score of SF-36, SES6G, and DSMS. Discussion: The Persian variant of the PIH showed sufficient validity and reliability as a measure to assess self-management in patients suffering from chronic disease (MS, diabetes, and LBP).}, Keywords = {Chronic disease, Self-management, Partners in health scale, Validity, Reliability}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {529-538}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1485.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1375-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1375-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {RajabiJourshari, Reihaneh and MohammadiArya, Alireza and Alavizadeh, Seyed Mohammadreza and Entezari, Somaye and Hosseinkhanzadeh, Abbas Ali and Amirizadeh, Seyedeh Mahtab}, title = {Structural Relationships Between Assertiveness and Parenting Styles With Mediating Self-esteem and Anxiety of Singleton Children}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed to develop an explanatory model of assertiveness based on parenting styles mediated by anxiety and self-esteem. Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational modeling with partial least squares. The statistical population included singleton children of the sixth grade of the elementary school in the 3rd District of Tehran in the academic year 2017-18. The sampling method was multi-stage sampling; eight schools (four all-boys and four all-girls) were randomly selected from all primary schools in the 3rd District of Tehran, then, a sixth-grade class was randomly selected in each school. The singleton students of those classes participated in the present study as the study sample. The sample size was 118 students (81 girls and 37 boys). The instruments of this research included the Persian forms of adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales (AAA-S), the Baumrind parenting scale, Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). To analyze the data, the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a significant effect on assertiveness among the parenting styles. The total effects indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles explained 0.22 and 0.20 of the variances of assertiveness. The results also showed that the authoritarian parenting style had no significant effect on assertiveness. Discussion: The suggested model was acceptably fit, according to the results of the study. Permissive and authoritative parenting styles had impact on assertiveness.}, Keywords = {Assertiveness, Parenting styles, Self-esteem, Anxiety, Birth order, Singleton, Students}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {539-548}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1584.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1619-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1619-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Roozbehani, Reza and Fatemi, Amir Ali and Zamani, Zahra and Khedri, Behzad and Arefkia, Kolsoom and Kabusi, Malihe and Shafiei, Zahra and Razavinasab, Seyed Ali and IlaghinezhadBardsiri, Tayebeh and Eshaghzadeh, Maliheh and HosseiniFoladi, Shiva and Ivanbagha, Reyhaneh}, title = {Impact of Short Message System Education on Blood Sugar Control and Treatment Adherence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes}, abstract ={Objectives: Considering the need of diabetic patients for accessing the care system and the role of modern media in health education and culture, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of educating via mobile SMS in controlling blood sugar. Moreover, the adherence to drug treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes was assessed. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Isfahan City, Iran in 2018. A total of 100 diabetic patients participated in the case (intervention) and control groups. The control group underwent conventional therapies and training. SMS training was applied for the intervention group in addition to the conventional therapies. Collecting the information and data to assess adherence to patients’ treatment was done using a researcher-made 18-item questionnaire. Analyzing data was performed in SPSS software, version 20 through the employment of the independent t test, paired t test, and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Based on the independent t test results, no significant difference was detected between the two study groups at any time points (P>0.05) in terms of the mean fasting blood sugar. However, by analysis of covariance and adjusting the fasting blood sugar level before the intervention in the studied groups, the mean fasting blood sugar was recognized to be significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group in the second month (P=0.048) and the third month after the intervention (P=0.008). Discussion: There is an association between SMS education and fasting blood sugar control and adherence to treatment in the studied patients. In the field of health care education, it is possible to use patient communication techniques and short message services to control follow-up and monitor interventions.}, Keywords = {Education, Text message, Adherence to treatment, Blood sugar, Type 2 Diabetes}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {549-560}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1631.2}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1560-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1560-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Saber-Moghadam, Reihaneh and Zeinalzadeh, Afsaneh and Momenzadeh, Mehrzad and Farzadfar, Mohammad Taghi and Ghaemi, Hamide and Sobhani-Rad, Davoo}, title = {The Relationship Between Memory, Type, and Severity of Aphasia With Confrontation Naming in Post-stroke Patients With Chronic Aphasia}, abstract ={Objectives: The brain’s widespread neural functions lead to aphasia in which the patients experience difficulties in cognitive and language functions. Memory, type, and severity of aphasia are associated with language and the naming process. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between memory, type, and severity of aphasia using the confrontation naming test in post-stroke patients with chronic aphasia. Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. We selected 45 chronic aphasia patients aged 35-70 years. The participants with a mild to moderate score in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed with the Persian naming test, Wechsler Memory Scale, and Persian Western Aphasia Battery. Results: There was a significant difference between memory with correct answers without a cue, correct answers with a semantic cue, and the total correct answers from confrontation naming (P<0.001, r=0.62; P=0.01, r=0.37; and P<0.001, r=0.71; respectively). Furthermore, the results indicated a significant difference between the type of aphasia with subtests of confrontation naming involving correct answers with semantic cues and total correct answers (P=0.02). Also, the results showed a significant difference between the severity of aphasia with correct answers without a cue, correct answers with a semantic cue, and the total correct answers from confrontation naming (P<0.001, r=0.77; P=0.03, r=0.31; and P<0.001, r=0.67; respectively). In comparing semantic and phonetic cues, memory, type, and severity of aphasia indicated significant association only with semantic cues. Discussion: There is an association between memory, type, and severity of aphasia with confrontation naming in patients with aphasia. The data have highlighted the importance of factors that need to be considered to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan to achieve further improvement in naming skills.}, Keywords = {Aphasia, Naming, Memory}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {561-568}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1693.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1580-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1580-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mohammadkhanbeigi, Sima and MoghadasTabrizi, Yousef and Nabavi, Seyed Massood and Minoonejad, Hoom}, title = {The Comparable Effect of tDCS and Core Exercises on Balance and Mobility in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Objectives: As a major feature of the disease, motor-related complications, including loss of balance and reduced ability to walk were seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercises and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) as a non-invasive brain stimulation on balance, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with MS. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study with a pretest-posttest design, 29 female patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of less than 4.5 (3.75±1.31) and a mean age of 38.36±7.99 years were purposefully selected from patients referring to MS society of Tehran during 2021 and then randomly assigned to the following three groups: core stability exercises, anodal tDCS, and sham. Variables, such as balance, walking capacity, and quality of life were measured before and after the interventions. Subjects in the core stability training group participated in core stability exercises for three weeks, and subjects in both sham and anodal tDCS groups received direct brain electrical stimulation for five sessions. Results: A significant improvement in balance and walking capacity were seen both in the anodal tDCS and the core stability training groups (P<0.05). Moreover, mobility was significantly changed in the tDCS group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in the quality of life was seen between the groups. Discussion: Our findings indicate comparable effects of tDCS, and core stability training on balance and walking capacity in patients with MS. Therefore, in addition to exercises, tDCS can be considered a promising tool for the neurorehabilitation of patients with MS.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, Balance, Mobility, Core stability, Exercise}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {569-578}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1699.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1556-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1556-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Fateme and Cheraghi, Fatemeh and khazaei, Salman and Seyedi, Mahdieh and Rezaei, Mohammad and Mirzaie, Fatemeh}, title = {Educational Facial Emotion Recognition in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Trial Study}, abstract ={Objectives: The disability to recognize facial emotions is one of the behavioral problems in autistic children. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of education on the promotion of face recognition. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial study was conducted on children with autism. The participants were allocated with random sampling to the two groups. Autistic children in the intervention group were educated in 10 sessions with 40 facial emotions images, each session lasted 20 min. Autistic children in the control group underwent routine teaching. The assistant researcher completed the Benton questionnaire for each child before and after the study. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22. Results: This study showed that education on facial emotions has good effects on the recognition of facial expressions by children with autism. In addition, a significant difference is identified between the two study groups in identifying facial emotions (P<0.001).  Discussion: Education to children with autism improved facial emotion identification. Therefore, according to the increase in children with autism all over the world such as in Iran, it seems that caregivers and health managers should review and use our study results for providing a supportive environment to promote recognition emotional states of the face and ultimately to improve the child’s treatment.}, Keywords = {Emotion, Recognition, Children, Autism, Parents}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {579-588}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1734.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1597-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1597-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Gholamizadeh, Kamran and Tapak, Leili and Mohammadfam, Iraj and Soltanzadeh, Ahm}, title = {Investigating the Work-related Accidents in Iran: Analyzing and Comparing the Factors Associated With the Duration of Absence From Work}, abstract ={Objectives: Work-related accidents as one of the most prominent indicators of safety and health in the industry play an undeniable role in developing and improving the quality of industrial health management. Therefore, their accurate analysis on a large scale is essential. To provide controlling solutions, we aimed to investigate the causes of occupational accidents in Iran for 10 years (2007-2017).  Methods: At first, the reports of 10-year work-related accidents were taken from the Social Security Organization, then classified, and entered into SPSS software, version 18.0. Analyses were performed in two stages. Descriptive analyses were initially performed and then multivariate Cox regression was implemented to determine the significance of the effects of the identified factors. Accordingly, six parameters including the cause of the occurrence, gender, type of insurance, time of the accident, marital status, and type of accident were extracted as the effective factors. Next, the effect of each parameter was examined using multivariate Cox regression with a 95% confidence interval.  Results: The findings showed that falls and slips (18.3%) and physical strikes (14.6%) were the most common causes of accidents, and carelessness (61.9%) and equipment density (21.1%) had the strongest impact on accidents. Accidents had the highest incidence rate from 9 AM to noon (34.77%). The findings also showed that accident location (P<0.001), cause of the accident (P<0.001), type of insurance (P<0.001), and age (P<0.001) had significant effects on the duration of absence from work. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that the mental condition of workers and workplace design/layout had the strongest impacts on the rate of accidents.  Discussion: to control and reduce the risk of occupational accidents, appropriate working situations should be provided.}, Keywords = {Work, Accident, Industrial safety, Occupational injuries}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {589-600}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1739.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1601-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1601-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hooshmand, Nahid and SoltaniSomeh, Abbas and Jahan, Ali and Amirshakeri, Bahram}, title = {Interferential Current Ability to Change the Pattern of Brain Activity in Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain}, abstract ={Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP), along with physical limitations that affect the quality of life, is one of the most important problems in the health community. The pain causes a wide range of structural, functional, and neurological changes in the brain. However, these changes have not been well studied, as brain changes in other chronic pains. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of patients with nonspecific CLBP, and also to evaluate the effects of interferential current (IFC), as one of the common treatment methods in these patients, on the EEG. Methods: This randomized control trial was performed in the Physiotherapy Clinic of Rehabilitation Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from July 2021 to February 2022. A total of 20 patients with nonspecific CLBP and 20 healthy individuals participated in this study. Healthy subjects were in the control group, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and placebo. Participants’ EEG and pain intensity were recorded before and after one session of IFC. Results: The results of statistical analyses to compare the EEG of patients and healthy individuals did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The results of statistical tests to evaluate the effects of IFC on participants’ EEG showed a significant increase in alpha frequency in all three groups. In addition, a significant increase in theta frequency was recorded in the placebo group, and an increase in the beta frequency in the intervention group. Pain intensity showed a significant decrease only in the intervention group. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that changes in EEG in patients with low back pain may be related to the severity of pain and neurological involvement. In addition, the increased power of EEG following the application of IFC may be due to sensory stimulation of the skin surface. <div class="msocomtxt" id="_com_1" language="JavaScript" onmouseout="msoCommentHide('_com_1')" onmouseover="msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')" style="text-align: justify;">}, Keywords = {Brain mapping, Low back pain, Electroencephalography, Neurofeedback, Interferential current, Electric stimulation therapy}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {601-610}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1767.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1637-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1637-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Zareei, Masume and Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl and Salmani, Masoomeh}, title = {Parents’ Perceptions of the Problems in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have valuable experiences of the possible developmental problems and other issues of their children as the primary caregivers. The present study aimed to obtain proper information by considering these experiences using a qualitative approach to explain the parents’ perception of problems in their children with ASD.  Methods: This study with a qualitative design was performed on 35 parents of children with ASD (33 mothers and 2 fathers) who were selected via purposive sampling. The study data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and all sessions were recorded and immediately transcribed verbatim. We followed the Graneheim and Lundman (2003) content analysis approach (a step-by-step extraction of meaning unit, initial codes, subtheme, and theme). Results: We extracted 5 main themes of developmental, language comprehension and expression, social communication, behavioral, and general health problems. Each of these mentioned themes has several subthemes. Discussion: According to the results, the parents’ perceptions and experiences of their ASD children’s problems were similar to the findings reported by experts in a few related studies. Given the lived experiences of the parents of children with ASD, they could help enrich the references regarding the problems of children with ASD. Such data should be considered during the assessment and intervention for this group of children.}, Keywords = {Autism spectrum disorders, Parents, Social perception, Qualitative research}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {611-622}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1772.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1641-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1641-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Seemal, Pakeeza and Ayub, Aroma and Diilshad, Maria and Awan, Ayesha and Nawaz, Arooba and Sameen, Tooba and Khan, M. Shais}, title = {Comparing Primal Reflex Release Technique and Stretching Exercises on Pain and Function in Coccydynia}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to find and compare the effects of primal reflex release technique and stretching exercises on pain intensity, functional performance, and pain-free sitting duration in patients with coccydynia. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 46 individuals were chosen for the sample based on the inclusion criteria, and they were divided into groups A and B. Pre-treatment values of patients for pain assessment were taken by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ), and pain-free sitting duration (PFSD). Group A received treatment with a hot pack and primal reflex release technique. Group B received treatment with a hot pack and stretching exercises. Each patient received a total of 12 sessions over the course of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week. After 4 weeks of therapy, both groups were evaluated again. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Findings revealed that within-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) for all variables. In the primal reflex release technique group, the average NPRS value reduced from 5.565±1.4086 to 1.7391±1.09617, the average DPQ value from 129.967±33.102 to 38.000±26.691 and the average PFSD duration increased from 43.043±20.323 to 368.478±160.464. In the stretching group, NPRS reduced from 6.087±1.345 to 3.695±1.490, DPQ from 116.032±35.054 to 60.608±22.186 and PFSD increased from 28.260±11.928 to 94.130±102.154. The between-group analysis also indicated statistically significant differences in NPRS, DPQ, and pain-free sitting duration with P values ≤0.001, 0.003, and ≤0.001, respectively Discussion: The study concluded that both the primal reflex release technique and stretching exercises were effective in reducing pain and improving functional status with a marked increase in pain-free sitting duration. However, the primal reflex release technique was found to be more useful than stretching exercises in terms of mentioned outcome measures on basis of their mean differences. <div class="msocomtxt" id="_com_1" language="JavaScript" onmouseout="msoCommentHide('_com_1')" onmouseover="msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')" style="text-align: justify;">}, Keywords = {Coccyx, Muscle stretching exercises, Pain, Reflex}, volume = {20}, Number = {4}, pages = {623-632}, publisher = {University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences }, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/irj.20.4.1841.1}, url = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1710-en.html}, eprint = {http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1710-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Rehabilitation Journal}, issn = {17353602}, eissn = {17353610}, year = {2022} }