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Ethics code: 33395-2022/10/01

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Effectiveness of Strengthening and Stretching by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Technique for Hemiplegia Foot Drop Patients
Zainab Ali *1 , Raghad Talib Taha1 , Hind Kadhim1
1- Middle Technical University
Abstract:   (83 Views)

**Abstract** 
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching is a therapeutic approach that enhances muscle strength and joint mobility by stimulating proprioceptors. While beneficial, it may not be suitable for everyone. 

**Objective** 
This study evaluates the efficacy of PNF stretching in hemiplegic patients with foot drop. 

**Methodology** 
An exploratory descriptive study was conducted on 30 patients aged 21–60 years from Medical Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Sadr Al-Qanat Center between February and August 2023. Patients were selected based on specific criteria, educated about the study, and enrolled after obtaining written consent. The assessment included Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Range of Motion (ROM), SD Curve, and gait pattern analysis. 

Patients in the experimental group underwent PNF stretching with diagonal patterns (D1 & D2) and manual resistance exercises for dorsiflexion. The intervention lasted 14 weeks, with evaluations every 15 days. The study followed a cross-sectional clinical trial design, measuring outcomes using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength, Functional Reach Test (FRS), and a modified functional reach score sheet. Data was collected from patients with and without intervention. 

**Results** 
Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18. Descriptive statistics highlighted significant differences between pre- and post-intervention results. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 confirmed the effectiveness of PNF stretching. Mean (SD) values demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle strength and functional mobility. 

**Conclusion** 
The findings support the use of PNF stretching for hemiplegic patients with foot drop. Compared to conventional techniques, PNF demonstrated superior outcomes in both strengthening and stretching. Clinical and statistical improvements were evident after 14 weeks, surpassing the results of traditional hospital programs conducted over nine weeks. PNF is a valuable addition to rehabilitation programs for improving mobility and strength in hemiplegic patients. 
 
Keywords: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), Muscle strength assessment (MMT), Range of Motion (ROM), PNF patterns (D1 &, D2)
     
Article type: Original Research Articles | Subject: Physiotherapy
Received: 2025/03/5 | Accepted: 2025/04/6
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