Objectives: Fatigue may have a negative impact on joint biomechanics during landings. This systematic review aimed to collect and synthesize available data on the effects of fatigue on the biomechanics of the lower extremity limbs during various movements, such as landing, among physically active populations.
Methods: A systematic review of meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for original and peer-reviewed articles using selected keywords from inception to June 2025. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Statistical analysis was conducted with comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software version 4. To evaluate data heterogeneity, the Q-test and I² statistic were applied. The Egger test was used to assess publication bias.
Results: After examining the titles and abstracts of 1692 studies from chosen databases, 44 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in meta-analyses. Fatigue showed no significant effect on lower extremity kinematics during landing for hip flexion (P=0.947; 95% CI, -0.206%, 0.1925%), knee flexion (P=0.885; 95% CI, -0.135%, 0.156%), knee adduction (P=0.402; 95% CI, -0.060%, 0.149%), knee internal rotation (P=0.263; 95% CI, -0.091%, 0.334%), hip abduction (P=0.516; 95% CI, -0.099%, 0.197%), hip rotation (P=0.760; 95% CI, -0.39%, 0.286%), ankle dorsiflexion (P=0.372; 95% CI, -0.116%, 0.309%), and ankle supination (P=0.326; 95% CI, -0.23%, 0.692%). However, a significant effect was observed for ankle inversion (P=0.003; 95% CI, 0.114%, 0.537%). No significant differences were found between males and females across all kinematic variables. High heterogeneity was noted in most analyses (I² ranging from 28.877% to 83.642%), except for ankle inversion (I²=0.000%). Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias across all variables (P>0.05).
Discussion: Contrary to common belief, fatigue does not appear to consistently alter hip and knee landing kinematics in healthy, active individuals, though it does increase ankle inversion, potentially elevating the risk of ankle sprains.
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طب ورزشی دریافت: 1404/6/10 | پذیرش: 1404/7/15 | انتشار: 1404/12/10