Volume 15, Issue 3 (September 2017)                   Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2017, 15(3): 235-242 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bana S, Sajedi F, Mirzaie H, Rezasoltani P. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy on Self Esteem of Children With Intellectual Disability. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2017; 15 (3) :235-242
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-694-en.html
The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy on Self Esteem of Children With Intellectual Disability
Shaqayeq Bana1 , Firoozeh Sajedi * 2, Hoshang Mirzaie3 , Pouria Rezasoltani4
1- Department of Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Biostatics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:   (11565 Views)

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy (CBPT) on the self-esteem of children with intellectual disability.
Methods: Pre-test and post-test, control group, quasi-intervention design was adopted for the study. The study sample consisted of 40 children conveniently selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from among educable intellectually-disabled children in two care centers for children with special needs in Tehran, who were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. In both the groups, the pre-test was conducted by the Cooper-smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and then for the intervention group, CBPT sessions were performed in 12 sessions of 60-minute each (two days a week). The post-test was also administered to both the groups after intervention. The data obtained were analyzed using independent t-test and Levine's test by SPSS software.
Results: Self esteem was observed to be significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.01) as compared with the control group.
Discussion: It seems that play therapy is an effective method to increase self esteem in children with intellectual disability. Therefore, educators and teachers are advised to use this method as an adjunctive therapy for such children in rehabilitation centers and schools.

Keywords: Self esteem, Children, Intellectual disability, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Play therapy
Full-Text [PDF 565 kb]   (5833 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (6143 Views)  
Article type: Original Research Articles | Subject: Occupational therapy
Received: 2017/04/21 | Accepted: 2017/08/15 | Published: 2017/10/2
References
1. Hallahan DP, Kauffman JM, Pullen PC. Exceptional learners: An introduction to special education. London: Pearson; 2011.
2. Kliegman R, Stanton B, Geme J, Schor N. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 2- volume set. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007. [PMID]
3. Sherafati S. [The number of mentally retarded children in Iran is unclear (Persian)[ [Internet]. HamshahriOnline. 2009 December 28; Code: 98210.
4. Shea SE, Mental retardation in children ages 6 to 16. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. 2006; 13(4):262-70. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2006.09.010 [DOI:10.1016/j.spen.2006.09.010]
5. Soenen S, Van Berckelaer-Onnes I, Scholte E. Patterns of intellectual, adaptive and behavioral functioning in individuals with mild mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2009; 30(3):433-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.04.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.04.003]
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy people 2010 [Internet]. 2011 [Updated 2011 November 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2010.htm
7. Cartledge G, Milburn JF. Teaching social skills to children and youth: Innovative approaches. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 1995.
8. Bhargava D. Getting started!!! Using visual systems to support the development of self-esteem. Perth: Department of Education of Western Australia; 2011.
9. Geldard K, Geldard D, Foo RY. Counselling children: A practical introduction. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE; 2013. [PMID]
10. Frost JL. A history of children's play and play environments: Toward a contemporary child-saving movement. Abingdon: Routledge; 2009.
11. Astramovich RL, Lyons C, Hamilton NJ. Play therapy for children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling. 2015; 1(1):27-36. doi: 10.1080/23727810.2015.1015904 [DOI:10.1080/23727810.2015.1015904]
12. Knell SM, Dasari M. CBPT: Implementing and integrating CBPT into clinical practice. In: Drewes AA, editor. Blending Play Therapy With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Evidence-Based and Other Effective Treatments and Techniques. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2009. [PMCID]
13. Sartin M. Book review: Social skills games for children Plummer, D.M. Child Language Teaching and Therapy. 2009; 25(2):274–6. doi: 10.1177/02656590090250020703 [DOI:10.1177/02656590090250020703]
14. Baggerly J. The effects of child-centered group play therapy on self-concept, depression, and anxiety of children who are homeless. International Journal of Play Therapy. 2004; 13(2):31-51. doi: 10.1037/h0088889 [DOI:10.1037/h0088889]
15. Chinekesh A, Kamalian M, Eltemasi M, Chinekesh S, Alavi M. The effect of group play therapy on social-emotional skills in pre-school children. Global Journal of Health Science. 2014; 6(2):163-7. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n2p163 [DOI:10.5539/gjhs.v6n2p163]
16. Hassani R, Mirzaeean B, Khalilian AR. [Effectiveness of cognitive behavior-based play therapy on anxiety and self-steem of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children (Persian)]. Journal of Psychology. 2013; 8(29):163-80.
17. Madadi Zavareh S, Kamkar M, Golparvar M. [The effect of play on the self-esteem of blind students (6-11 years old) in Isfahan Ababasir school (Persian)]. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2007; 9(33):1-14.
18. Bratton SC, Ray D, Rhine T, Jones L. The efficacy of play therapy with children: A meta-analytic review of treatment outcomes. American Psychological Association. 2005; 36(4):376–90. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.36.4.376 [DOI:10.1037/0735-7028.36.4.376]
19. Ebrahimi-Dehshiri V, Mazaheri MA, Tahmasian K. [Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral play therapy in reducing children's night-time fears (Persian)]. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 5(3):253-9.
20. Meany-Walen KK, Bratton SC, Kottman T. Effects of Adlerian play therapy on reducing students' disruptive behaviors. Journal of Counseling & Development. 2014; 92(1):47-56. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00129.x [DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00129.x]
21. Bratton SC, Ceballos PL, Sheely-Moore AI, Meany-Walen K, Pronchenko Y, Jones LD. Head start early mental health intervention: Effects of child-centered play therapy on disruptive behaviors. International Journal of Play Therapy. 2013; 22(1):28-42. doi: 10.1037/a0030318 [DOI:10.1037/a0030318]
22. Harter S. Causes and consequences of low self-esteem in children and adolescents. In: Baumeister RF, editor. Self-esteem. Berlin: Springer; 1993 [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9_5]
23. Wettig HH, Coleman A, Geider FJ. Evaluating the effectiveness of Theraplay in treating shy, socially withdrawn children. International Journal of Play Therapy. 2011; 20(1):26-37. doi: 10.1037/a0022666 [DOI:10.1037/a0022666]
24. CooperSmith S. The antecedentsof self-esteem. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company; 1967.
25. Anastasi A. Psychological tests: Uses and abuses. Teachers College Record. 1961; 62:389-93.
26. Raven JC. Mental tests used in genetic studies: The performance of related individuals on tests mainly educative and mainly reproductive [MSc. thesis]. London: University of London; 1936.
27. Molavi H. [Preliminary standardization and study of the raven's standard progressive matrices reliability and validity in a sample of students from Isfahan and Shahr-e Babak County (Persian)]. Motale't va Pazhuheshha-ye Daneshkade-ye Adabiat va Olum-e Ensani. 1994; 3(1):1-13.
28. Chiu LH. Measures of self-esteem for school-age children. Journal of Counseling & Development. 1988; 66(6):298-301. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb00874.x [DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb00874.x]
29. Pourfaraji F. [Comparison of physical and educational performance of secondary school students with and without father against the moderator role of social protection by controlling intelligence, self-esteem, lacking duration and social and economic status of their families in Ahvaz (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Ahvaz: Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; 2002.
30. Kaduson H, Schaefer C. 101 favorite play therapy techniques. Lanham, Maryland: Jason Aronson; 1997.
31. Porter ML, Hernandez-Reif M, Jessee P. Play therapy: A review. Early Child Development and Care. 2009; 179(8):1025-40. doi: 10.1080/03004430701731613 [DOI:10.1080/03004430701731613]
32. Pope AW, McHale SM, Craighead WE. Self-esteem enhancement with children and adolescents. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon; 1988.
33. Garza Y, Bratton SC. School-based child-centered play therapy with Hispanic children: Outcomes and cultural consideration. International Journal of Play Therapy. 2005; 14(1):51-80. doi: 10.1037/h0088896 [DOI:10.1037/h0088896]
Send email to the article author

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb