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1- Assitance Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2- Professor Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2- Professor Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Abstract: (3 Views)
Introduction: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) has a considerable influence on individuals' daily activities. Aquatic exercise (AE) has been utilized for musculoskeletal rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of open and closed kinetic chain exercises in water on range of motion (ROM) and balance in males with CNSLBP.
Materials and methods: This study was a three-arms randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 men with CNSLBP participated and were randomly assigned into three groups: open-chain aquatic exercises (OCAE) (n=20), close-chain aquatic exercises (CCAE) (n=20) and, control group (n=20). The intervention groups underwent prescribed exercises for eight weeks with three sessions per week. Outcome measures were ROM, the balance control, and pain.
Results: The study results indicated that OCAE and CCAE improved range of motion, dynamic balance and, pain. The results showed a significant difference between OCAE, CCAE groups and control group in left ROM (F=11.447,p<0.001,η2=0.367), right ROM (F=14.806, p<0.001, η2=0.343), pain (F=112.386, p<0.001,η2=0.801), Y-balance(Anterior) (F=6.065, p<0.004, η2=0.178), Y-balance(Posterior-lateral) (F=7.204, p<0.002, η2=0.204), Y-balance(Posterior-medial) (F=3.964, p<0.005, η2=0.124).
Conclusion: Considering that the improvement in dynamic balance, the ROM and pain improved in the open-chain aquatic exercises and close-chain aquatic exercises group compared to control group, aquatic exercise can be considered as a complementary program to rehabilitation protocols for individuals with CNSLBP.
Materials and methods: This study was a three-arms randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 men with CNSLBP participated and were randomly assigned into three groups: open-chain aquatic exercises (OCAE) (n=20), close-chain aquatic exercises (CCAE) (n=20) and, control group (n=20). The intervention groups underwent prescribed exercises for eight weeks with three sessions per week. Outcome measures were ROM, the balance control, and pain.
Results: The study results indicated that OCAE and CCAE improved range of motion, dynamic balance and, pain. The results showed a significant difference between OCAE, CCAE groups and control group in left ROM (F=11.447,p<0.001,η2=0.367), right ROM (F=14.806, p<0.001, η2=0.343), pain (F=112.386, p<0.001,η2=0.801), Y-balance(Anterior) (F=6.065, p<0.004, η2=0.178), Y-balance(Posterior-lateral) (F=7.204, p<0.002, η2=0.204), Y-balance(Posterior-medial) (F=3.964, p<0.005, η2=0.124).
Conclusion: Considering that the improvement in dynamic balance, the ROM and pain improved in the open-chain aquatic exercises and close-chain aquatic exercises group compared to control group, aquatic exercise can be considered as a complementary program to rehabilitation protocols for individuals with CNSLBP.
Keywords: Aquatic exercise, Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises, Balance, Non-Special Chronic Back Pain
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Received: 2025/07/7 | Accepted: 2025/09/9
Received: 2025/07/7 | Accepted: 2025/09/9
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