988368
Thu, Nov 28, 2024
Volume 16, Issue 3 (September 2018)
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2018, 16(3): 271-288 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sayadi N, Lotfi Y, Kahlaee A H, Jalilzadeh Afshari P, Bakhshi E. investigation of static Balance control in 4-6 years old children with using the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (P-CTSIB). Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2018; 16 (3) :271-288
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.html
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.html
Nushin Sayadi1 
, Yones Lotfi * 
1, Amir Hossein Kahlaee2 , Parisa Jalilzadeh Afshari1 , Enayatollah Bakhshi3
, Yones Lotfi * 1, Amir Hossein Kahlaee2 , Parisa Jalilzadeh Afshari1 , Enayatollah Bakhshi3
1- Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (4509 Views)
Objectives: Undiagnosed balance disorders during childhood can negatively affect children’s functional abilities such as reading and school performance. The Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (P-CTSIB) reflects how children combine and use different sensory information to react to different conditions in the static balance. This study aimed to examine balance control in normal 4-6 years old children in Tehran, Iran using P-CTSIB.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 121, 4-6 years old preschools children in Tehran. The P-CTSIB includes 12 conditions that are a combination of visual conditions (eyes open, eyes closed wearing visual-conflict dome), support surface (stand on firm surface or foam), and feet positions (feet-together and heel-toe). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and repeated measures and post-hoc tests were used for age and gender comparisons.
Results: Average standing time, anterior-posterior sway, and lateral sway in the P-CTSIB conditions were evaluated in different age groups. Different age groups had significantly different scores on the three items of the test (P<0.05), but there was no significant gender difference (P>0.05).
Discussion: Given that all children had a better performance on the feet together position in P-CTSIB, this position can be used to assess balance performance in all 4-6 years old children.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 121, 4-6 years old preschools children in Tehran. The P-CTSIB includes 12 conditions that are a combination of visual conditions (eyes open, eyes closed wearing visual-conflict dome), support surface (stand on firm surface or foam), and feet positions (feet-together and heel-toe). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and repeated measures and post-hoc tests were used for age and gender comparisons.
Results: Average standing time, anterior-posterior sway, and lateral sway in the P-CTSIB conditions were evaluated in different age groups. Different age groups had significantly different scores on the three items of the test (P<0.05), but there was no significant gender difference (P>0.05).
Discussion: Given that all children had a better performance on the feet together position in P-CTSIB, this position can be used to assess balance performance in all 4-6 years old children.
Keywords: Postural balance, Children, Balance test, Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (PCTSIB)
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Audiology
Received: 2018/03/25 | Accepted: 2018/07/20 | Published: 2018/09/1
Received: 2018/03/25 | Accepted: 2018/07/20 | Published: 2018/09/1
References
1. Desmond A. Vestibular function: Evaluation and treatment. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme; 2004.
2. Steindl R, Kunz K, Schrott Fischer A, Scholtz A. Effect of age and sex on maturation of sensory systems and balance control. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2006; 48(6):477-82. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01299.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01299.x]
3. Pavlou M, Whitney S, Alkathiry AA, Huett M, Luxon LM, Raglan E, et al. The pediatric vestibular symptom questionnaire: A validation study. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2016; 168:171-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.075] [PMID]
4. Christy JB, Payne J, Azuero A, Formby C. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests of vestibular function for children. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 2014; 26(2):180-9. [DOI:10.1097/PEP.0000000000000039] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/PEP.0000000000000039]
5. Deitz JC, Richardson P, Atwater SW, Crowe TK, Odiorne M. Performance of normal children on the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research. 1991; 11(6):336-56. [DOI:10.1177/153944929101100602] [DOI:10.1177/153944929101100602]
6. Wolff DR, Rose J, Jones V, Bloch DA, Oehlert JW, Gamble JG. Postural balance measurements for children and adolescents. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 1998; 16(2):271-5. [DOI:10.1002/jor.1100160215] [PMID] [DOI:10.1002/jor.1100160215]
7. Goebel JA. Should we screen hearing-impaired children for vestibular dysfunction? Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. 2003; 129(4):482-3. [DOI:10.1001/archotol.129.4.482] [PMID] [DOI:10.1001/archotol.129.4.482]
8. Hirabayashi SI, Iwasaki Y. Developmental perspective of sensory organization on postural control. Brain and Development. 1995; 17(2):111-3. [DOI:10.1016/0387-7604(95)00009-Z] [DOI:10.1016/0387-7604(95)00009-Z]
9. Pandian TJS, Ukamath S, Jetley N, Prabhu R. Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB): Concurrent validity study in healthy Indian children. Journal of Pediatric Neurology. 2011; 9(03):311-8.
10. Gagnon I, Swaine B, Friedman D, Forget R. Children show decreased dynamic balance after mild traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2004; 85(3):444-52. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.014] [PMID] [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.014]
11. Crowe TK, Deitz JC, Richardson PK, Atwater SW. Interrater reliability of the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. 1991; 10(4):1-27. [DOI:10.1080/J006v10n04_01] [DOI:10.1080/J006v10n04_01]
12. Lotfi Y, Kahlaee AH, Sayadi N, Afshari PJ, Bakhshi E. Test-retest reliability of the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance in 4-6 years old children. Auditory and Vestibular Research. 2017; 26(4):202-8.
13. Westcott SL, Crowe TK, Deitz JC, Richardson PK. Test-retest reliability of the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (P-CTSIB). Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. 1994; 14(1):1-22. [DOI:10.1080/J006v14n01_01] [DOI:10.1080/J006v14n01_01]
14. Geldhof E, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Danneels L, Coorevits P, Vanderstraeten G, et al. Static and dynamic standing balance: Test-retest reliability and reference values in 9 to 10 year old children. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2006; 165(11):779-86. [DOI:10.1007/s00431-006-0173-5] [PMID] [DOI:10.1007/s00431-006-0173-5]
15. Shumway Cook A, Horak FB. Assessing the influence of sensory interaction on balance: Suggestion from the field. Physical Therapy. 1986; 66(10):1548-50. [DOI:10.1093/ptj/66.10.1548] [PMID] [DOI:10.1093/ptj/66.10.1548]
16. Richardson PK, Atwater SW, Crowe TK, Deitz JC. Performance of preschoolers on the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 1992; 46(9):793-800. [DOI:10.5014/ajot.46.9.793] [PMID] [DOI:10.5014/ajot.46.9.793]
Send email to the article author
Copyright © The Author(s);
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
