Reliability of Persian Handwriting Assessment Tool in Iranian Primary School Students

Havaei, Naser; Azad, Akram; Alizadeh-Zarei, Mehdi; Ebadi, Abbas

doi:10.32598/irj.16.4.353

Volume 16, Issue 4 (December 2018) Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2018, 16(4): 353-360 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.32598/irj.16.4.353

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Havaei N, Azad A, Alizadeh-Zarei M, Ebadi A. Reliability of Persian Handwriting Assessment Tool in Iranian Primary School Students. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2018; 16 (4) :353-360
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-871-en.html

Reliability of Persian Handwriting Assessment Tool in Iranian Primary School Students

Naser Havaei¹

, Akram Azad ^*

², Mehdi Alizadeh-Zarei²

, Abbas Ebadi³

1- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: (5687 Views)

Objectives: Handwriting problems are among the most frequent reasons for case referrals to school-based occupational therapy centers. Persian Handwriting Assessment Tool (PHAT) is a valid tool available in Iran to evaluate handwriting components in school-aged children. However, its reliability has not been investigated yet. This study aimed to determine the reliability of the PHAT in Iranian primary school-aged children.
Methods: The current methodological study was performed in Tehran city, Iran during 2015-2016. In total, 208 primary school-aged students participated in this study that aimed to investigate the internal consistency of the PHAT. Forty-eight students were also recruited to examine the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the PHAT. Selection of the schools and sampling were conducted using the random cluster sampling method.
Results: Results suggested good to excellent internal consistency (α=0.84 to 0.99) for the measures of PHAT in dictation and copying domains. Intra-rater reliability of the PHAT ranged from 0.87 to 1.00. Furthermore, PHAT inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.7-1.00.
Discussion: The PHAT is a reliable tool to evaluate handwriting components in primary school-aged children. It can also be useful for Iranian therapists to identify primary school students with handwriting problems.

Keywords: Educational assessment, Handwriting, Primary schools, Reliability

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Article type: Original Research Articles | Subject: Occupational therapy
Received: 2018/02/23 | Accepted: 2018/06/10 | Published: 2018/10/1

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