Ali Parvaneh Sarand, Parisa Sedaghati, Mohammad Ghafoori,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Sports often witness a high occurrence of ACL injuries, which are both common and tend to reoccur frequently. The utilization of functional tests holds significance in aiding athletes in their Return to Sports (RTS) following ACL Injury Reconstruction (ACLR). By comprehending this injury through the implementation of functional tests, the potential for reinjury can be reduced. Additionally, this approach can lead to decreased therapeutic costs and facilitate a smoother rehabilitation process, ultimately enabling a successful RTS. The primary goal of this study was to compile a comprehensive functional test and their sensitivity and specificity for return to sport after ACL injuries reconstruction.
Methods: In this scoping review, an extensive survey of functional tests for assessing the ability to RTS after ACL injuries was conducted. The search was performed on various databases including Web of Science, PEDRO, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and CINAHL, covering the period from 2000 to January 2023. The purpose was to gather a comprehensive range of relevant studies and information on functional tests used in evaluating RTS after ACL injuries. Furthermore, a manual search of the sources of articles was carried out and was thoroughly examined.
Results: Out of the 31 papers that were reviewed, 14 were chosen to be included in this scoping review. The results and findings from these selected papers will be thoroughly examined, reported, and analyzed as an integral part of the review process. They were about balance and postural control, agility, power, screening and movement patterns tests. Hop, Shuttle run, Vertical jump, Carioca tests, and the Lower Extremity Functional Test Protocol (LEFT) as functional tests for RTS after ACLR in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
Discussion: An analysis of studies showed that there are different functional tests. According to the result of this study, the most common functional tests, the Hop group tests may be more common functional tests for RTS after ACLR in terms of sensitivity and specificity which were the main focus of this scoping review. We hope these tests would be useful for personal trainers, athletic trainers, practitioners, and clinicians when functionally evaluating their injured athletes.
Hhhh Majid Hashemian, Hhhh Hassan Daneshmandi, Hhhh Ali Kashi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objective: A neuro-developmental illness, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a collection of intricate neurological conditions marked by challenges with social interaction and communication as well as reluctance to change. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of a particular bundle of physical exercises and remedial games on the motor abilities of kids diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
Materials & Methods: In the Iranian regions of Rasht, N = 36 boys with autism spectrum disorder were included in an experimental investigation using random selection. Three groups of twelve boys each were used in the sample for the intervention, which included a control group, a package of physical exercises, and a selection of corrective games. Oseretsky Bruininks Upper-limb coordination as well as gross and fine motor abilities were assessed using the Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Using SPSS version 23 software, the analysis of variance statistical test was used for the statistical analysis.
Results: The findings demonstrated that after a period of specific remedial games and physical exercises, the mean gross motor abilities considerably improved (P=0.01). Additionally, there was a significant difference in upper limb coordination (P=0.03), gross and fine motor skill total (P=0.02), and fine motor skill differences (P=0.03) between the two training groups.
Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that both programs had a positive impact on the motor abilities of youngsters diagnosed with autism spectrum condition. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the physical exercise program used in this study has shown significant impacts on the motor abilities of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, in comparison to the chosen corrective games. According to the findings of this study, the researcher recommends the physical training program introduced in this research as an appropriate regimen for enhancing the motor abilities of individuals with autism spectrum condition.
Omid Shahani, Ali Shamsi Majelan, Nahid Khoshraftar Yazdi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether feedback during exercise can improve balance in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Using feedback is a method to increase attention and willingness to perform an activity, which can be applied in various ways, including visual, audio, and sensory.
Methods: This research was experimental and practical, the sample of the current research was 30 male athletes aged 20 to 25 with CAI. Participants were purposefully selected and then separate into two groups of proprioceptive exercise with feedback and proprioceptive exercise without feedback. In the pre-test, they were evaluated using the stork balance test in two states, eyes open and closed for static and one-leg jump stabilization for dynamic balance. The athletes then performed proprioceptive training for 24 sessions over eight weeks. Then, in the post-test, the desired variables were re-evaluated. Paired sample t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. Significance was considered at the level of 0.05 and analysis was done in SPSS software version 27.
Results: Both exercise modalities exhibited a notable disparity in pre and post-test outcomes. However, comparative between the cohorts revealed a significant distinction in static balance performance under conditions of eyes closed versus eyes open (P=0.040 and P=0.033) and in dynamic balance (P=0.019).
Discussion: Using feedback while doing exercises is helpful and leads to improved balance. Visual feedback gives the athletes a better understanding of the situation at the moment so that They can perform his best against what he sees. Also, using vision compared to other senses creates more confidence in people to maintain the situation. Combining feedback with proprioceptive exercises in rehabilitation has an additive effect on improving the residual effects of injury.
Mahsa Badiei, Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Mohammadali Hosseini, Mahdi Noroozi, Shima Nazari,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (11-2017)
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Pilates exercise on Fear of Falling (FOF) among elderly women.
Methods: The present study is a clinical trial that was conducted on 44 elderly women aged between 60-80 years. Subjects were recruited through the convenience sampling method and were then randomly divided into two groups of inference viz. Pilates exercise group, the members of which underwent Pilates exercise training along with the routine sanatorium exercises and the control group in which members stuck with (routine exercise only. Data was gathered by using demographic questionnaire and Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). For the intervention group, Pilates training was done for 8 weeks, three times a week (1 hour per session) under the supervision of a trained coach. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.16.
Results: The findings indicated that the means of FES-I scores in Pilates group improved from 32.90 to 22.18 (MD=10.72) after the intervention. According to the independent t-test, there was a significant difference in the means of post intervention FES-I scores, between the two groups (P=0<001). In the Pilates group, the effect size of intervention was much more than the control group (ES=0.89).
Discussion: Pilates training could decrease the FOF and may thus be implemented as an effective interventional method for fall prevention in elderly women.
Behnam Gholami Borujeni, Ali Yalfani,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Objectives: The respiratory function is often overlooked in people with Low Back Pain (LBP), while it is one of the factors for the continuation and recurrence of lumbar spine injury. Aim of this study was survay the immediate effect of Respiratory Muscle Sprint-Interval Training (RMSIT) on the plantar pressure variables of athletes with LBP.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on two groups with LBP, one experimental group (24 patients) and one control group (23 patients). The plantar pressure variables were recorded using a plantar pressure measurement device. The experimental group performed the RMSIT protocol. The RMSIT was fulfilled as six sets of 30-second deep breathing exercises (with two minutes of rest between sets) with constant tidal volume, maximum breathing rate, and added resistance. The paired t-test and one-way covariance tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of (95%) confidence ellipse showed that RMSIT caused a significant decrease in the amount area of sway, but the exercise did not make a significant difference in the length of minor axis and length of the major axis. The results of the Center of Presure (COP) factors showed that the training program significantly reduced the amount of path length, the standard deviation in the Y axis, but the results did not show a significant difference in the velocity and standard deviation in the X axis in the experimental group. The results demonstrated no significant difference between the experimental and control group in the plantar pressure symmetry indices.
Discussion: It can be concluded that, these exercises can be used to reduce some postural oscillation indices in athletes with LBP.
Karim Mohammad Jabbar, Farzaneh Gandomi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Objectives: Flexed posture with Hyperkyphosis (HKP) and Forward Head Posture (FHP), due to changes in the spine alignment, lead to the displacement of the center of pressure and increased postural sways; ultimately, this condition disrupts the distribution of foot pressure. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and Sharman training on Foot Pressure Distribution (FPD) in flexed posture students.
Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 students with HKP and FHP were randomly assigned in two groups of NASM and Sahrmann (n=15/group). The angle of HKP and FHP were evaluated by Spinal Mouse and Image J software. FPD was also assessed by a Payatek foot scaner (PT-scan) device. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: The present research results suggested that both intervention groups presented significant differences in reducing the angle of HKP (P<0.001) and FHP (P<0.001), COP minor axis length (P<0.05), COP major axis length (P<0.001), COP path length (P<0.001), the standard deviation of internal-external sways (P<0.001), and standard deviation of anterior-posterior sways (P<0.001); however, t there was no significant difference concerning the COP area (P>0.05) and symmetry index between the two legs (P>0.05).
Discussion: Both provided corrective exercises reduced HKP and FHP angles and reduced postural sways. However, Sahrmann intervention with adjusted muscle stiffness and reduced electromechanical latency was more effective than NASM exercises in improving postural control and foot pressure symmetry index.
Muneera Almurdi, Syamala Buragadda,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
Objectives: Menopause is the termination of a woman’s menstrual cycle for a year. In this condition, women’s health status declines due to hormonal changes and aging. Physical Activity (PA) is among the best available alternatives for managing menopause-related symptoms without any adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PA and symptoms, such as fatigue, depression, and insomnia in Saudi menopausal women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 60 menopausal women; they were divided into physically active and inactive groups. The group allocation was conducted based on their PA level determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ-SF). Menopausal symptoms, such as fatigue, depression, and insomnia were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively, in the study groups. The association between PA and fatigue, depression, and insomnia was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at P≤0.05.
Results: Fatigue, depression, and insomnia were more prevalent in physically inactive post-menopause women than the active women. A significant difference was observed in the outcome variables between the study groups. Furthermore, a significant association was detected between PA and fatigue, depression, and insomnia in the study participants.
Discussion: Half of the explored menopausal women were physically active. Physically active menopausal women presented less fatigue, depression, and insomnia, compared to their inactive counterparts. This study suggested that PA positively impacted menopausal symptoms (fatigue, insomnia, & depression). Besides, the collected results highlighted the importance of physical activity among menopausal women.
Tayebeh Mirzaei, Omolbanin Tavakoli, Ali Ravari,
Volume 20, Issue 0 (1-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a common problem in the elderly. Yoga exercise can be considered a non-pharmacological and complementary method for pain control. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga on chronic musculoskeletal pain in elderly females referring to selected health centers in Rafsanjan, Iran.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 females over 60 years of age with musculoskeletal pain were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received three one-hour training sessions weekly for eight weeks, and they did yoga for 1 hour in each session. The pain was measured in both groups before the intervention and at weeks four and eight using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The control group did not receive any special intervention.
Results: The mean musculoskeletal pain decreased at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks after performing yoga in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.005). The subscales of sensory dimension and severity of pain showed no decrease after four weeks compared to the control group (P>0.005). However, at the end of the eighth week, all the pain subscales decreased in the intervention group (P<0.005).
Discussion: The obtained results revealed that practicing yoga continuously could reduce musculoskeletal pain in elderly females; thus, it is suggested that such yoga exercises be included in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in this group.
Sarika Chaudhary, Harsirjan Kaur,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: We assessed the effect of change in core isometric strength and endurance on upper limb isometric strength in female athletes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female athletes aged 18-25 years were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. (17 cases in the experimental group and 15 cases in the control group). Before and after the core stabilization knockdown protocol, participants were assessed for isometric core strength (abdomen/back rehab 5310; rehab line), core endurance (curl-up test), and upper limb isometric strength (push up/pull down rehab 5120; rehab line).
Results: The results showed a significant reduction in abdomen, back, push-up, pull-down isometric strength, and curl-up test scores in the experimental group and no significant differences in these parameters in the control group after the protocol. The experimental and control groups showed significant differences in the aforementioned parameters after the protocol.
Discussion: This research suggests that performing extensive and exclusive core exercises to relieve fatigue prior to upper limb training can decrease the potential for core activation. This can ultimately lead to reduced effectiveness of upper extremity exercises or rehabilitation sessions, which can lead to upper body injuries. These exercises can be useful to enhance the knowledge regarding the sequencing of core and upper limb exercises in an athlete’s training protocols.
Coresponding author: Sarika Chaudhary, E-mail: sarikamyas@gmail.com
You can also search for this author in: PubMed
Mohammad Khodaverdizadeh, Nasser Mohammad Rahimi, Mahdi Esfahani,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Scapular-focused exercises are included in the rehabilitation of people with scapular dyskinesis (SD); yet, there is a noteworthy level of ambiguity concerning the comparative efficacy of different interventions in terms of their ability to enhance shoulder discomfort and function. This research analyzed the impact of a scapular-focused exercise schedule on shoulder pain and function of patients with scapular dyskinesia.
Methods: PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were explored up until July 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that considered the impact of scapular-focused training therapy in people with SD. Eleven RCTs, with a combined sample size of 890 participants encountered our inclusion criteria.
Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in shoulder pain following exercise (therapy standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.83; 95% CI, -1.44%, -0.22%; P=0.008). Moreover, exercise therapy significantly improved shoulder function (SMD=-0.62; 95% CI, -1.08%, -0.16%; P=0.008). Nevertheless, scapular-focused exercise had no significant effect on scapula positioning at any angle (0°: Mean difference [MD]=-0.44; 95% CI, -1.43%, 0.55%; P=0.38; 45°: MD=-0.17; 95% CI, -0.72%, 0.37%; P=0.53; 90°: MD=-0.25; 95% CI, -1.06%, 0.57%; P=0.56).
Discussion: Scapular-based exercise therapies are effective approaches among patients with SD. It is necessary to conduct additional high-quality studies with longer periods to evaluate and validate the results reported in this study.
Mahsa Asgari, Zahra Raeisi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined how women with low back pain (LBP) responded to comprehensive physical exercises (CPEs) combined with cognitive functional therapy (CFT) in terms of pain, disability and postural sway (PS).
Methods: A total of 45 women with non-specific chronic LBP (NSCLBP) participated in this quasi-experimental study. The participants were randomly assigned to the CPEs, CPEs combined with CFT and control group (CG) (15 participants per group). The McGill pain questionnaire, Roland-Morris disability questionnaire, and Zebris platform were used to assess pain, disability and PS in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions with eyes open and closed. For eight weeks, the participants engaged in both CPEs and CPEs combined with CFT. The CG continued their usual routine. The multivariate analysis of variance statistical test with repeated measures design was used to analyze the data (P<0.05).
Results: The results revealed that after eight weeks, the patient’s pain and disability significantly decreased in both intervention groups compared to the CG (P<0.001). The CPEs combined with CFT (P<0.001) and the CPEs group (P<0.001) compared to the CG showed a significant decline in AP sways with eyes open. The AP with EC and ML with eyes open demonstrated a significant reduction in the CPEs group with CFT versus the CPEs and CG (P<0.05). The ML oscillations with eyes closed revealed a significant reduction in the CPEs group compared to the CG (P=0.005).
Discussion: The CPEs combined with the CFT group showed better results in postural control ability, especially when the eyes were closed which may be a consequence of CFT. Therefore, it is recommended to use CPEs combined with CFT to reduce pain, disability and PS in women with NSCLBP.
