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Showing 5 results for Muscle Strength
Effectiveness of Strengthening and Stretching by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Technique for Hemiplegia Foot Drop Patients
Hussein Zainab Ali, Khazraji Raghad Talib Taha, Gazi Hind Kadhim,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (4-2024)
Abstract

**Abstract** 
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching is a therapeutic approach that enhances muscle strength and joint mobility by stimulating proprioceptors. While beneficial, it may not be suitable for everyone. 

**Objective** 
This study evaluates the efficacy of PNF stretching in hemiplegic patients with foot drop. 

**Methodology** 
An exploratory descriptive study was conducted on 30 patients aged 21–60 years from Medical Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Sadr Al-Qanat Center between February and August 2023. Patients were selected based on specific criteria, educated about the study, and enrolled after obtaining written consent. The assessment included Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Range of Motion (ROM), SD Curve, and gait pattern analysis. 

Patients in the experimental group underwent PNF stretching with diagonal patterns (D1 & D2) and manual resistance exercises for dorsiflexion. The intervention lasted 14 weeks, with evaluations every 15 days. The study followed a cross-sectional clinical trial design, measuring outcomes using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength, Functional Reach Test (FRS), and a modified functional reach score sheet. Data was collected from patients with and without intervention. 

**Results** 
Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18. Descriptive statistics highlighted significant differences between pre- and post-intervention results. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 confirmed the effectiveness of PNF stretching. Mean (SD) values demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle strength and functional mobility. 

**Conclusion** 
The findings support the use of PNF stretching for hemiplegic patients with foot drop. Compared to conventional techniques, PNF demonstrated superior outcomes in both strengthening and stretching. Clinical and statistical improvements were evident after 14 weeks, surpassing the results of traditional hospital programs conducted over nine weeks. PNF is a valuable addition to rehabilitation programs for improving mobility and strength in hemiplegic patients. 
 
The Effects of Local Heating and Cooling of Arm on Maximal Isometric Force Generated by the Elbow Flexor Musculature in Male Subjects
Afsun Nodehi Moghadami , Nagafali Dehghane,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (4-2012)
Abstract

Objectives: It is well known that neuromuscular function is temperature sensitive. Changing of muscle temperature can effect voluntary muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cooling and heating on maximal isometric force generated by the elbow flexor musculature in male subjects.

Methods: Forty five healthy males encompassing 3 groups participated in the current study. The maximal isometric forces of elbow flexion were measured before and after placing ice and hot packs over the arm for 15 minutes. Paired t tests were used to compare differences between pre and post maximal forces between groups.

Results: The results showed no significant difference between pre and post maximal isometric force scores in control and heat groups (P>0.05) and significant difference between pre and post cooling maximal isometric force scores (P=0.02).

Discussion: The results suggest that the use of 15 minutes cold pack over the arm can significantly increase muscle force, however, the use of hot pack had no change in force output.


Physiotherapy with and without Superficial Dry Needling Affects Pain and Muscle Strength in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Hamideh Miri Abyaneh, Zahra Mosallanezhad, Hooman Mohammadalizade, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Ghazaleh Vahedi, Mohammad Reza Nourbakhsh,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (3-2016)
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of physiotherapy with and without superficial dry needling on patients with knee pain; patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial conducted in 2015, Tehran, Iran. Of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, thirty-four subjects were randomly divided into two groups (17 in each group). Group A was subjected to physiotherapy and group B to physiotherapy with superficial dry needling. Only for group B, superficial dry needling was applied during the ten-day sessions of physiotherapy, every other day. The needle remained for 6 minutes at threepoints of the quadriceps muscle, accompanied with needle rotation. Both groups received 10 therapy sessions. For both groups, in the first and tenth sessions, knee pain and quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated.
Results: Statistical analysis showed the two variables in each group had significant improvements after the 10 sessions (P<0.05). Comparing the two groups, group B showed more pain reduction based on the visual analog scale (P<0.05). However, according to manual muscle testing method, the muscle strength between both the groups showed no significant
difference (P<0.156).
Discussion: Physiotherapy with and without superficial dry needling were seen to reduce pain and increase muscle strength of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, performing physiotherapy with superficial dry needling had a more significant effect on reducing knee pain. Superficial needling can cause many physiological and neurophysiological effects. Through stimulation of pain control mechanisms, it can help in further reduction of pain.


Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Chance for a Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach
Seher Satar, Ipek Candemir, Pinar Ergun,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressively worsening lung function, ventilation capacity, dyspnea, and finally reduced exercise intolerance. All of these have a significant negative impact on functional capacity and quality of life. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in IPF and assess the predictors of success.
Methods: Data from 17 IPF patients who completed the program from the total of 27 patients who applied to PR were used in our study. We evaluated their pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, peripheral-respiratory muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and psychological states before and after PR.
Results: Following the PR program, improvements over the minimal clinically important differences were observed in almost all parameters compared to the baseline; however, statistically significant improvements were only observed in the medical research council (P=0.020), the St. George respiratory questionnaire (P=0.002), the maximal inspiratory pressure (P=0.024), the anxiety score (P=0.001), the depression score (P=0.002), and the right quadriceps muscle strength (P=0.046). There was only a statistically significant negative correlation between the initial forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in one-second value with the increase in patients’ maximal inspiratory pressure values after PR. 
Discussion: After a multidisciplinary, comprehensive PR program, dyspnea sensation, exercise capacity, endurance time, quality of life, respiratory and peripheral muscle strengths, and psychological status were improved regardless of age, gender, antifibrotic treatment, and comorbidities. Therefore, patients should be referred to PR units before the deterioration in the quality of life in the early stages of the disease.

A Review of Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Patients With Mechanical Ventilation
Arnengsih Nazir,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: This review aimed to explore inspiratory muscle training (IMT) use in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV). The topics were related to its effect on the duration of MV or weaning, respiratory symptoms or lung function, inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) or endurance, functional ability, and quality of life (QoL).
Methods: Articles published in the last ten years were reviewed narratively to obtain data about how inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can affect breathing muscle strength in prolonged mechanically ventilated patients.
Results: Eleven articles were relevant to the topic, including seven original articles and four systematic reviews. We also found one practical guide on IMT in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Discussion: Inspiratory muscle weakness is found in most intensive care unit (ICU) patients which further causes difficulty in weaning from MV. No standard protocol exists for the use of IMT in patients who failed to wean from MV. The use of IMT was found to be safe with the incidence of side effects or unexpected events was very rare. Several studies found various effects on the success of weaning after IMT administration, such as decreased MV and weaning duration or no effect on these parameters. Studies also found various effects on IMS or endurance although most investigators found increased IMS after IMT administration. These effects vary with exercise intensity and baseline maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). The IMT program improves lung function thereby reducing symptoms, leading to improved functional abilities and QoL.improved functional abilities and quality of life (QoL).

Coresponding author: Arnengsih Nazir, E-mail: arnengsih@unpad.ac.id
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