Showing 12 results for Parents
Ms Vrinda R, Ms Abhilasha Wilson, Ms Thazlima Nizar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (4-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aims to understand the screen time activities of toddlers and their parents and its association with socioeconomic status (SES), associations between toddler’s screen time and language skills, and the screen time restrictions set by the family.
Method: The participants were thirty-three typically developing toddlers in the age range of 12 to 24 months and their parents. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all the participants who passed the screening. The children’s and their parents screen time activities and other leisure activities, the family's socioeconomic status, Receptive and expressive language scores were assessed.
Results: 96.9% of children had a mean screen time of 750 minutes in a week, that is 1.8 hours per day which was much higher than the recommended guidelines. The children were mostly exposed to smartphones and televisions. Nine children did not meet the age-appropriate language scores and all the other children had age adequate language scores despite having excess screen time. Significant correlation was not found between language scores with screen time of children and parents. A positive correlation was found between parents' screen time and SES, but not with children’s screen time and SES.
Discussion: The paper draws attention to the importance of co-viewing and interactive screen time to support the development of language skills. It also highlights the need to revise the guidelines on screen time restrictions in young children. Guidelines should include recommendations on choosing high quality age-appropriate, strategies to encourage co-viewing to enhance parent-child interaction. The paper also emphasizes the significance of restricting parent's screen time as it may invade the qualitative interactions with the child leading to language delay.
Faranak Aliabadi, Mohammad Kamali, Leili Borimnejad, Mehdi Rassafiani, Mehdi Rasti, Narges Shafaroodi, Foroogh Rafii, Reihaneh Askary Kachoosangy,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to understand the learning strategies of parents of preterm infants, hospitalized in NICU.
Methods: This study was performed by qualitative research approach. Twelve participants including nine parents whose infants were admitted in NICU, two nurses and one physician, all selected by purposive sampling method were interviewed by a female expert occupational therapist. Data were gathered by semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by inductive content analysis approach.
Results: Three subcategories emerged from data analysis expressed learning strategies of parents of preterm infants hospitalized in NICU. These subcategories were: Asking question, Getting help, Learning caring skills.
Discussion: Preterm infants' parents stated that they do not have enough ability and knowledge for managing their feelings and needs. So, they seek for resources of help and apply some special strategies for playing parental roles correctly.
Shahrzad Pakjouei, Roshanak Vameghi, Masumeh Dejman , Meroe Vameghi, Mohammad Kamali,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of present study was determining the level of satisfaction and its relative factors among parents of mentally retarded children using the services of private rehabilitation centers.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on parents of 150 mentally retarded children, who were selected by quota sampling from eight private rehabilitation centers in Tehran. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and correlation tests, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were utilized to analyze data.
Results: Upon the results, overall 88% of participants expressed their satisfaction. The major related factors were the behavior of managers and employees, receiving training for follow-up rehabilitation and education programs for the child at home, and the child's progress. The factors related to dissatisfaction included nutrition services, physical condition of the center and lack of parental participation in decision- making on matters related to the child. A significant relationship was found between parental satisfaction and family size, father's job, and the number of other disabled people in the family.
Discussion: According to the findings, it seems that patient satisfaction is also affected by the behavioral aspects of care, in addition to the technical aspects. Considering the humans’ need for respect and compassion and the sense of being valuable, this finding could be anticipated. The managers of private rehabilitation centers, for attracting and retain clients, need to pay attention to the factors which have impact on service users’ satisfaction.
Mehri Pourhidar, Asghar Dadkhah,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract
Objectives: This study compared the effects of individual and group training on general health and stress of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Methods: A sample of 75 parents of children referring to Autistic Children Foundation (including 50 parents in two experimental groups and 25 parents in control group) was taken into account. Sample parents were selected through Accessible Sampling Method.
Results: In order to diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorders, questionnaires such as Goldberg–Williams’ (1998), General Health, Abedin’s (1993) Stress, and Gars’ (1995) (Gilliam) were used while in order to analyze the gathered data, the correlation method (comparison of pre-test and post-test means), independent-t (comparison of control and experimental groups) and one-way covariance (a survey of effects left by individual and group training methods on parents with emphasis being laid on control and experimental groups) were used.
Discussion: There was no difference between parents receiving training in group and those receiving training in individual form. With respect to the correlation between general health and stress levels, both group and individual trainings resulted in a raise in general health and stress levels of parents.
Elahe Hojati Abed, Malahat Akbarfahimi, Narges Shafaroudi, Armin Zareian, Akram Parand, Samaneh Karamali Esmaieli,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Self-determination is a significant skill in the proper transition from adolescence to adulthood. Parents play an important role in assessing the self-determination of their children. Currently, there is no valid instrument in Iran to assess parents’ views about the self-determination of their adolescents. The present study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Self-determination Parent Perception Scale (SDPPS) in an Iranian population.
Methods: In this descriptive psychometric study, the original version of SDPPS was translated using the forward-backward method. The content validity index and content validity ratio of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of 15 experts, and its face validity was evaluated among 10 parents of the adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 125 parents of adolescents (aged 14-18 years) who were selected by convenience sampling with maximum variation. Its reliability and internal consistency were also assessed using test-retest and in a group of 17 parents, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS V. 18.
Results: The items were modified at the face validity stage and approved at the content validity stage. Five factors by explaining 54.14% of the variance and deleting four items were confirmed at the construct validity stage using exploratory factor analysis. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93 was obtained for the total scale and 0.79 to 0.85 for the five subscales of the SDPPS. The intra-class correlation coefficient with 95% CI (0.82-0.98) was 0.83 indicating good reliability of the questionnaire.
Discussion: The Persian version of SDPPS showed acceptable validity and reliability in explaining the self-determination of adolescents with and without disabilities based on the parents’ perspectives and can be applied by professionals in rehabilitation centers and those studying on human behavior.
Mubashir Gull, Akbar Husain,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (9-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Parenting is a difficult task. Factors like social support, sense of coherence, self-esteem, hardiness, optimism, internal locus of control, and religious coping play a vital role in this area. This study aimed to develop a religious coping measure for parents of differently-abled children. It also aimed to explore the factor structure and reliability of a religious coping scale.
Methods: Two hundred parents of differently-abled children completed the research measure. The mean age and standard deviation of the parents were 40.04 and 5.31 years, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify the potential factor structure of the religious coping scale.
Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that the religious coping scale had 5 factors comprising “divinely seeking”, “coping attitude”, “religious faith”, “sense of possibility”, and “spiritual and social support”.
Discussion: The study showed that the scale had good internal consistency, factorial, and content validity. Furthermore, a significant positive association was found between the dimensions of the religious coping scale. The results suggest that this scale is a reliable and valid tool for measuring religious coping among parents of differently-abled children.
Admira Beha,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: This paper aims to determine the factors that affect the position of deaf children within the professional treatment procedure and family environment.
Methods: The sample consisted of 217 respondents, of which 94 were parents of deaf and hard-of-hearing children and 123 respondents were professionals. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were applied for processing the results. Testing was performed with Wilks lambda, and the tested significance in the discriminant analysis was done via the F test at the statistical significance of 0.01.
Results: The results demonstrated a relationship between the influence of the communication system and the attitude of the environment toward deaf children where the communication discriminatory factor was isolated. Insufficient information from the experts and decision-making factors in the education and rehabilitation processes are also isolated.
Discussion: The obtained results indicated that it is necessary to carry out a series of systematic activities to improve and enhance the cooperation between parents and professionals to increase the level of information of professionals and to develop better models of counseling, education, and working with parents.
Fateme Mohammadi, Fatemeh Cheraghi, Salman Khazaei, Mahdieh Seyedi, Mohammad Rezaei, Fatemeh Mirzaie,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: The disability to recognize facial emotions is one of the behavioral problems in autistic children. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of education on the promotion of face recognition.
Methods: This single-blind clinical trial study was conducted on children with autism. The participants were allocated with random sampling to the two groups. Autistic children in the intervention group were educated in 10 sessions with 40 facial emotions images, each session lasted 20 min. Autistic children in the control group underwent routine teaching. The assistant researcher completed the Benton questionnaire for each child before and after the study. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22.
Results: This study showed that education on facial emotions has good effects on the recognition of facial expressions by children with autism. In addition, a significant difference is identified between the two study groups in identifying facial emotions (P<0.001).
Discussion: Education to children with autism improved facial emotion identification. Therefore, according to the increase in children with autism all over the world such as in Iran, it seems that caregivers and health managers should review and use our study results for providing a supportive environment to promote recognition emotional states of the face and ultimately to improve the child’s treatment.
Masume Zareei, Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast, Masoomeh Salmani,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have valuable experiences of the possible developmental problems and other issues of their children as the primary caregivers. The present study aimed to obtain proper information by considering these experiences using a qualitative approach to explain the parents’ perception of problems in their children with ASD.
Methods: This study with a qualitative design was performed on 35 parents of children with ASD (33 mothers and 2 fathers) who were selected via purposive sampling. The study data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and all sessions were recorded and immediately transcribed verbatim. We followed the Graneheim and Lundman (2003) content analysis approach (a step-by-step extraction of meaning unit, initial codes, subtheme, and theme).
Results: We extracted 5 main themes of developmental, language comprehension and expression, social communication, behavioral, and general health problems. Each of these mentioned themes has several subthemes.
Discussion: According to the results, the parents’ perceptions and experiences of their ASD children’s problems were similar to the findings reported by experts in a few related studies. Given the lived experiences of the parents of children with ASD, they could help enrich the references regarding the problems of children with ASD. Such data should be considered during the assessment and intervention for this group of children.
Dr. Seyed Jalal Younesi, Amirhossein Hosseinpour, Dr Manoochehr Azkhosh, Dr Mohammad Hadi Safi, Dr Akbar Biglarian,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes abnormal communication, repetitive and limiting interests, and social dysfunction. This study aimed to identify the experiences of parents in raising children with ADS in Iran.
Methods: A total of 18 parents of children with ASD were selected by purposive and convenient sampling method to participate in the study. To collect data, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. The text of the interviews was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Results: Two main themes of positive and negative experiences were identified in the analysis. In the positive experiences two sub-themes of “continuing education and acquiring spirituality” and “increasing life skills” and in the negative experiences five sub-themes of “reduction of communication and lack of social support,” “improper treatment with the child with ASD,” “feeling ashamed,” “lack of adaptability,” and “being judged by others” were identified.
Discussion: These findings can provide a deep understanding of the experiences of caring parents of children with ASD in Iran. In addition, the results of this study can provide valuable information to researchers, clinicians, etc. to indicate the specific needs of families who care for children with ASD.
Dr Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast, Mrs Rezvaneh Nahidi, Dr Banafshe Mansuri, Dr Masoomeh Salmani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Communication disorders in children can change the parents’ lives. Some quantitative studies have investigated the effects of children’s disorders on parents’ quality of life (QoL) using questionnaires. These quantitative studies cannot comprehensively determine the extent of the impacts of such disorders in children on parents’ QoL. Quantitative studies have investigated the QoL using a few limited questions. However, qualitative studies can explore aspects of reality using a full, comprehensive, and in-depth way that may not be quantified by questionnaires. Therefore, this study qualitatively explains the effects of communication disorders in children on parents’ QoL.
Methods: In this original research, 14 parents who had children with communication disorders consented to participate in semi-structured interviews. The participants were selected purposefully and the sampling was continued until the data was saturated. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed through qualitative content analysis.
Results: Qualitative content analysis of the interviews extracted five main themes, including physical effects, psychological effects, economic effects, family dynamics effects, and job-educational effects. Each of these themes consists of several subthemes.
Discussion: The study revealed the depth of the negative influences of children’s communication disorders on the parents’ QoL. Screening for parental QoL and providing family support systems for parents of children with communication disorders are warranted based on these findings. Moreover, the findings of the current study can be used for the development of new instruments for measuring QoL or caregiver burden among parents of children with communication disorders.
Ms Mahdieh Mohseni, Dr Somaieh Salehi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: After the divorce of their parents, children face various behavioral problems, and the attachment styles of the parents and their parenting styles will affect these problems. This research assesses the mediating role of attachment styles in the relationship between parent-child relationships and parenting styles with children’s behavioral problems after divorce.
Methods: The investigation was classified as a descriptive-correlation type. The population consisted of mothers of children aged 6 to 10 years who had undergone divorce proceedings at the Shahid Bahonar Judicial Institute’s Welfare Department in Tehran City, Iran, during the first half of 2022. A convenience sampling method was used to select 268 mothers based on a correlation plan. They completed the child behavior inventory (CBCL), parent-child relationships survey questionnaire (PCRS), parenting styles inventory (PSI), and revised attachment style survey (RAAS). The research hypotheses were tested using the smart partial least squares in structural equation modeling.
Results: The assessment of the research tools’ reliability was conducted via the Cronbach α method and the composite reliability coefficient, with all variables showing a coefficient of above 0.7, indicating acceptable reliability. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using the average variance extracted, which exceeded 0.4, indicating relatively acceptable validity. The assessment of the adequacy of the structural model involved analyzing important coefficients of Z, R2, and Q2, with the obtained results indicating an appropriate fit. The results displayed that the mediating role of anxious-ambivalent attachment style and avoidant attachment style is evident in the association between authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and the parent-child relationship, particularly concerning children’s behavioral problems (β=0.184, P<0.05; β=0.019, P<0.01). Secure attachment style serves as a mediating role (partial role) in the association between authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting style and parent-child relationship with children’s behavioral problems (β=-0.364, P<0.05; β=-0.096, P<0.01; β=0.056, P<0.05).
Discussion: Avoidant and secure attachment styles can mitigate the impact of permissive and authoritarian parenting styles by mediating roles in the association between parent-child relationships and parenting styles with children’s behavioral problems after divorce. They also highlight the emphasis on maintaining positive parent-child relationships and implementing authoritative parenting styles to reduce children’s behavioral problems following. Further research is needed to address and assess concerns regarding children’s behavioral problems after divorce.
