988368
Thu, Jan 30, 2025
Volume 19, Issue 4 (December 2021)
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2021, 19(4): 379-386 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Khoshhal Z, Jahan A, Mirzaee M, Haresabadi F. The Design and Validation of an Azeri Phonological Test for Children Aged 4-6 Years. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2021; 19 (4) :379-386
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1284-en.html
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1284-en.html
1- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2- Neuroscience, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
3- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
4- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2- Neuroscience, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
3- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
4- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract: (3397 Views)
Objectives: Since there is no reliable and valid tool to assess all features of children’s phonological skills whose first language is Azeri, speech-language pathologists usually use informal or Persian instruments. So, it is essential to develop a tool in Azeri language for assessing articulation and phonological skills. For this reason, this study aimed to develop an Azeri Phonological Test (APT) and then determine the validity and reliability of this test in 4-6 years old children whose first language is Azeri.
Methods: Participants were 77 (41 boys and 36 girls; 4-6 years old) typically-developing children. They were selected by cluster sampling method. Firstly, Tabriz City in Iran was geographically divided into three sections, namely south, north, and center. Then, the kindergartens of each area were randomly selected for sampling. The participants were assigned into 2 groups: 48-60 months (n=38) and 61-72 months (n=39) old. To assess the phonological skills, nine stories were designed. An expert panel with 15 speech-language pathologists investigated the content validity of the stories. Then the psychometric characteristics of the APT, including reliability (test-retest reliability, inter-rater, and internal consistency) and validity (construct –known group validity), were assessed. The statistical tests used were intraclass correlation coefficient (intra-rater reliability and test-retest), Kuder-Richardson 21 (internal consistency), and the independent samples t-test (known-groups validity).
Results: The content validity of the whole test was 0.91. Construct validity evaluation showed that age affects the test scores but not gender. There was a significant correlation between the results of test-retest and inter-rater reliability, and also, the test had a high internal consistency.
Discussion: Based on the findings, APT is a reliable and valid test for assessing the abilities of 4-6 years old children in terms of the production of sounds in the context of retelling stories.
Methods: Participants were 77 (41 boys and 36 girls; 4-6 years old) typically-developing children. They were selected by cluster sampling method. Firstly, Tabriz City in Iran was geographically divided into three sections, namely south, north, and center. Then, the kindergartens of each area were randomly selected for sampling. The participants were assigned into 2 groups: 48-60 months (n=38) and 61-72 months (n=39) old. To assess the phonological skills, nine stories were designed. An expert panel with 15 speech-language pathologists investigated the content validity of the stories. Then the psychometric characteristics of the APT, including reliability (test-retest reliability, inter-rater, and internal consistency) and validity (construct –known group validity), were assessed. The statistical tests used were intraclass correlation coefficient (intra-rater reliability and test-retest), Kuder-Richardson 21 (internal consistency), and the independent samples t-test (known-groups validity).
Results: The content validity of the whole test was 0.91. Construct validity evaluation showed that age affects the test scores but not gender. There was a significant correlation between the results of test-retest and inter-rater reliability, and also, the test had a high internal consistency.
Discussion: Based on the findings, APT is a reliable and valid test for assessing the abilities of 4-6 years old children in terms of the production of sounds in the context of retelling stories.
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Speech therapy
Received: 2021/01/13 | Accepted: 2021/09/4 | Published: 2021/12/1
Received: 2021/01/13 | Accepted: 2021/09/4 | Published: 2021/12/1
Send email to the article author
Copyright © The Author(s);
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
