988368
Wed, Aug 26, 2026
Volume 24, Issue 3 (September- In Press 2026)
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2026, 24(3): 0-0 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Noroozi M, Esmaiel M, Massah O, Sarmadi S, Alikhani R, Alipour F et al . Causal association between Cognitive Impairments and Risk Behaviors in Drugs Users in Iran: Using Coarsened Exact Matching Method. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2026; 24 (3)
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2745-en.html
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2745-en.html
Mehdi Noroozi1 
, Mohammad Esmaiel *2 , Omid Massah3 , Sara Sarmadi4 , Rosa Alikhani5 , Fardin Alipour6 , Ameneh Pooresmaeil Dorosteh7
, Mohammad Esmaiel *2 , Omid Massah3 , Sara Sarmadi4 , Rosa Alikhani5 , Fardin Alipour6 , Ameneh Pooresmaeil Dorosteh7
1- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Ahvaz, Iran
3- Researcher of addiction medicine , Substance abuse and Dependence Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- General physician ,University of Pecs Medical School , Pécs, Hungary.
5- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6- Professor of Social Work ,Social Welfare Management Research Center
7- Health Education and Promotion ,Social Determinants of Health Research Center Social Health Research Institute University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
2- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Ahvaz, Iran
3- Researcher of addiction medicine , Substance abuse and Dependence Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- General physician ,University of Pecs Medical School , Pécs, Hungary.
5- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6- Professor of Social Work ,Social Welfare Management Research Center
7- Health Education and Promotion ,Social Determinants of Health Research Center Social Health Research Institute University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Abstract: (509 Views)
Introduction: cognitive impairments (CIs) are prevalent among drug users. Some studies have shown that substance users with CIs are likely to be involved in high-risk sexual behavior. The primary aim of our study was to determine the Causal association between cognitive impairments and risk behaviors in people substance users in Iran.
Method: we applied a cross-sectional study among substance users between Jun 2022 and March 2023. Samples were recruited using snowball sampling and convenient sampling in 4 cities in Iran. Data collection was performed by trained interviewers. For data analysis coarsened exact matching (CEM) was applied to examine the causal association between CIs on injection and sexual risk behaviors.
Result : The result of final multivariable regression model reveled that substance abusers with CIs were more likely to have unprotected sex in three past month as compared to abusers without CIs status (OR: 2.3 95% CI: 1.4, 4.7).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that to improve and strength HIV risk-reduction interventions need to be given more attention to screening for CIs among substance users.
Method: we applied a cross-sectional study among substance users between Jun 2022 and March 2023. Samples were recruited using snowball sampling and convenient sampling in 4 cities in Iran. Data collection was performed by trained interviewers. For data analysis coarsened exact matching (CEM) was applied to examine the causal association between CIs on injection and sexual risk behaviors.
Result : The result of final multivariable regression model reveled that substance abusers with CIs were more likely to have unprotected sex in three past month as compared to abusers without CIs status (OR: 2.3 95% CI: 1.4, 4.7).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that to improve and strength HIV risk-reduction interventions need to be given more attention to screening for CIs among substance users.
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Addiction
Received: 2026/04/22 | Accepted: 2026/07/15 | Published: 2026/09/26
Received: 2026/04/22 | Accepted: 2026/07/15 | Published: 2026/09/26
Send email to the article author
Copyright © The Author(s);
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC-By-NC 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
