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Wed, Nov 5, 2025
Volume 23, Issue 4 (December 2025)
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2025, 23(4): 407-418 |
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Ethics code: IR.BASU.REC.1401.026
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Ashoury H, Yalfani A, Azizian M. Aquatic and Kinetic Chain Exercises for Rehabilitation of Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2025; 23 (4) :407-418
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2563-en.html
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2563-en.html
1- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
2- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
Abstract: (445 Views)
Objectives: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) considerably influences individuals’ daily activities. Aquatic exercise (AE) is used for musculoskeletal rehabilitation. This study aimed to examine the effects of open and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises in water on range of motion (ROM) and balance in men with CNSLBP.
Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) assigned 60 men with CNSLBP to open-chain AEs (OCAEs), closed-chain AEs (CCAEs), and a control group (n=20 each). The intervention groups exercised for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The outcomes were ROM, dynamic balance, and pain.
Results: The study’s findings showed that OCAE and CCAE improved ROM, dynamic balance, and pain. The results showed a significant difference between the OCAE, CCAE and control groups in left ROM (F=11.447, P<0.001, η2=0.367), right ROM (F=14.806, P<0.001, η2=0.343), pain (F=112.386, P<0.001, η2=0.801), dynamic balance (anterior) (F=6.065, P<0.004, η2=0.178), and dynamic balance (posterior-lateral) (F=7.204, P<0.002, η2=0.204), dynamic balance (posterior-medial) (F=3.964, P<0.005, η2=0.124).
Discussion: The OCAE and CCAE groups improved in ROM, dynamic balance, and pain compared to the control group. AE can be considered a supplementary program to rehabilitation protocols for individuals with CNSLBP.
Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) assigned 60 men with CNSLBP to open-chain AEs (OCAEs), closed-chain AEs (CCAEs), and a control group (n=20 each). The intervention groups exercised for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The outcomes were ROM, dynamic balance, and pain.
Results: The study’s findings showed that OCAE and CCAE improved ROM, dynamic balance, and pain. The results showed a significant difference between the OCAE, CCAE and control groups in left ROM (F=11.447, P<0.001, η2=0.367), right ROM (F=14.806, P<0.001, η2=0.343), pain (F=112.386, P<0.001, η2=0.801), dynamic balance (anterior) (F=6.065, P<0.004, η2=0.178), and dynamic balance (posterior-lateral) (F=7.204, P<0.002, η2=0.204), dynamic balance (posterior-medial) (F=3.964, P<0.005, η2=0.124).
Discussion: The OCAE and CCAE groups improved in ROM, dynamic balance, and pain compared to the control group. AE can be considered a supplementary program to rehabilitation protocols for individuals with CNSLBP.
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Received: 2025/07/7 | Accepted: 2025/09/9 | Published: 2025/12/1
Received: 2025/07/7 | Accepted: 2025/09/9 | Published: 2025/12/1
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