Iranian Rehabilitation Journal

● Therapists’ self-interest-craving, personal ethical outlook, maintaining professional competence, observing patients’ rights, insufficient professional ethics education, and the effect of workplace on ethical conduct were the six categories of ethical challenges in physiotherapy.
● The three subcategories of the incompetence of the healthcare system, the lack of supervision on ethical principles, and the impact of poor insurance system on patient admission require special attention.
● In the absence of a formal ethical code and the lack of formal education, physiotherapists use their values ​​and religious beliefs to manage ethical challenges.

Plain Language Summary 
Professional ethics plays an important role in developing a professional identity that has been missed in Iran until recently. So, the first step to providing proper specialized codes of ethics is to identify current ethical challenges in physiotherapists’ everyday practice. The present study results revealed that these challenges fit into the following six categories: therapists’ self-interest-craving, observing patients’ rights, maintaining professional competence”, the effect of workplace on ethical conduct, personal ethical outlook, and insufficient professional ethics education.

● Training improves the quality of time management.
● Effective training leads to satisfaction with time management.

Plain Language Summary 
The mothers of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) spend more time taking care of their children, compared to the mothers of healthy children. However, providing care for children with ID should not cause any problems for the mothers. In training programs, mothers learn to improve their time management skills, increasing their daily life satisfaction. In this study, we designed an educational intervention for the mothers of children with ID in the intervention group. They participated in a workshop to learn how to manage their time with their children at home or in other settings. After the intervention, the intervention group, who participated in our training program, reported significant improvement and satisfaction in the quality of daily living activities. The findings revealed that the mothers of children with ID, who have adequate information about time management, have higher satisfaction with life. 

● Supra patella effusion is correlated with pain.
● No association was found between disability and supra patella effusion.

Plain Language Summary 
Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. In patients with knee OA, edema around the joint causes knee pain and disability. To determine the edema, many researchers have used Ultrasonography (US). This study evaluated the relationship between supra patellar edema, pain, and disability in patients with knee OA by US. Our findings demonstrated that joint edema revealed a poor and significant correlation with pain, but it was not correlated with disability.

● Comorbidity of internalizing and externalizing problems is an important and common problem.
● Internalizing problems are neglected in the evaluation and treatment of children with behavioral disorders.
● Internalizing problems exacerbates externalizing problems; it also has consequences like increasing in compatibility, and academic failure.

Plain Language Summary 
Externalizing problems are important predictors for internalizing problems. Among the problems of internalizing, anxiety is more common and is more connected with other internalizing problems. So treating these problems should be considered in children with the externalizing disorder. Many previous studies have examined cognitive-behavioral therapy. The results of our study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy (Coping Cat Program) has reduced internalizing problems, especially anxiety in children with externalizing disorders. As a result, this can be prevented the undesirable consequences of behavioral disorders.

● In schizophrenia patients, the old age is associated with more comorbid disorders. 
● The most prevalent comorbidities in schizophrenic patients are musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders.
● Polypharmacy is a medical problem in the elderly, with numerous adverse effects. 
● The adjunct consumption of psychiatric medications with the non-psychiatric ones highlights the vital phenomena of drug interactions and associated adverse effects of polypharmacy.

Plain Language Summary 
Old age is a risk factor in patients with schizophrenia, because compared with the younger patients they may have other mental and physical problems. The most common diseases among older patients with schizophrenia are musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Using different medications concurrently is a problem in older people, leading to many side effects, which should be considered by the healthcare staff.

● The Persian version of the physical rehabilitation accessibility assessment questionnaire has an appropriate development and validation.
● The Persian version of the physical rehabilitation accessibility assessment questionnaire is one of the key tools for evaluating the accessibility of people with disabilities to physical rehabilitation services. 
● Local and foreign researchers can use the Persian version of the physical rehabilitation accessibility assessment questionnaire for assessing the accessibility of health services.

Plain Language Summary 
This study was conducted to develop and validate a local questionnaire. This questionnaire can be useful for assessing the accessibility of health services by local and foreign researchers. Also, this questionnaire can provide policymakers, executive directors, therapists, and researchers with important insights into and accurate information on the accessibility of physical rehabilitation services for people with disabilities and enable them to develop effective intervention programs. 

● The medians of the H Index and the SJR were significantly higher as compared with the journals without social networks in physical medicine and rehabilitation journals with social networks.
● Among the analyzed social networks, the most commonly used was Facebook followed by Twitter.
● There is a moderate correlation between the SJR and the number of followers in Twitter.

Plain Language Summary 
Our research seeks to evaluate the dissemination of information by scientific journals of physical medicine and rehabilitation. We evaluated the correlation between the presence of physical medicine and rehabilitation journals in social networks through indicators of social networks activity (number of followers, number of tweets) and the SJR impact factor (numeric value indicating the number of citations per year per manuscript published in a journal during the previous 3 years). Out of the 122 physical medicine and rehabilitation journals reviewed in the SCImago ranking platform, 25.4% were active at least in one social network. Among the analyzed social networks, the most commonly used was Facebook followed by Twitter. The H Index and SJR medians were significantly better in journals with the presence in social networks and the group of journals with social networks was more frequently classified in the Q1 quartile. Our data suggest that social networks facilitate access to information in real time reaching a wider audience. We found that having social networks is associated with a greater impact on scientific journals of physical medicine and rehabilitation. We consider social networks an opportunity for many journals to expand their scope, improve their visibility and interaction with readers, and finally, social networks can provide to the authors a tool to select the best journal to widely diffuse their research results.

● This article assessed life skills as one of the most important factors in the prevention, rehabilitation, and treatment of addiction due to the lack and availability of other tools and questionnaires in adolescence.

Plain Language Summary 
In recent years, many scholars and activists have addressed this issue in an attempt to cure, prevent, or treat addiction; however, whether all interventions in these areas can be effective is an important question. Answering this question requires an indexing tool that precisely measures this point and being able to show us the changes quantitatively.