988368

● Mirror therapy (MT) can be used alone or in combination with other relevant therapeutic interventions to improve hand function in children.
● Evidence regarding the effect of MT in children is focused predominantly on children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy; thus, more studies are required involving various childhood motor dysfunctions.
● Since in most studies related to the impact of MT on children, the body functions (BF) and structures level of international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) have been considered, it is recommended that in subsequent research, levels of activities and participation get more attention.

MT is a therapeutic approach that is relatively affordable and available for the rehabilitation of hand function. The effectiveness of this treatment method has been proven in adults with hemiplegic stroke, but it needs more study in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Although MT can be used in other unilateral disorders of the upper limbs, very limited research has been done in this field. Future research in this field can promise cost-effective services in the rehabilitation of children’s unilateral hand disorders. 

● Mental toughness is a key psychological construct that affects a Paralympic athlete’s perseverance and success in competitive sports. 
● Paralympic athletes with high mental toughness overcome many obstacles, such as inflexibility, dependence and ineffective cognitive strategies in major international sports events. 
● The present study revealed that Paralympic athletes with higher resilience and distress tolerance had higher levels of mental toughness. 

In addition to physical preparations and proper nutrition and training, Paralympic athletes need some psychological characteristics that help them achieve championships in individual or group sports in national and world competitions events. One of these characteristics is mental toughness. This study showed that Paralympic athletes with higher resilience and distress tolerance had higher levels of mental toughness.

● Communication outcome after stroke Bengali (COAST-BD) scale is a patient- and caregiver-centered measurement scale for examining functional communication level in their daily life and exactly of communication effectiveness. 
● This scale is focused on the perspective of the quality of life quality of life (QoL) of individuals with stroke. 
● The COAST-BD scale shows quickness and easiness of administration, which helps to make the scale practicable during clinical practice

Communication skill plays a vital role in leading a successful conversation during regular activities. In Bangladesh, qualified speech and language therapists have been working to develop several therapeutic intervention tools to assess the population with stroke and dysarthria. Yet, there are numerous possibilities to develop different intervention tools to assess the communication outcomes of patients with stroke in the speech and language therapy (SLT) services of Bangladesh. Particularly, constructive quantitative or qualitative research is desirable to develop this profession by understanding the appropriate effectiveness of SLT interventions in Bangladesh for individuals with communication difficulties. Therefore, this study illustrates a details procedure of linguistic validation and psychometric properties of the COAST scale into the Bengali context to assess the outcomes of after-stroke patients in the SLT services. 

● Comprehensive physical exercises (CPEs) are recommended for women with non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP).
● Cognitive functional therapy (CFT) combined with CPEs has a positive effect on women with non-specific CLBP.
● A decrease in postural sway (PS) during the removal of visual information was associated with the use of CFT combined with CPEs.

Comprehensive physical exercises (CPEs) is one of the main causes of disability. For the treatment of CLBP, international clinical guidelines support the use of non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical and psychological therapies or a combination of these modalities. This study determines the impact of CPEs combined with CFT on pain, disability, and PS of women with CLBP. A total of 45 women with CLBP participated in this study for eight weeks in three groups: CPEs, CPEs with CFT and control. The results revealed that after eight weeks of intervention, reductions in pain, disability, and PS were seen in the group of CPEs combined with CFT, both with eyes open and closed, in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) PS directions. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to use CPEs combined with CFT to reduce pain, disability, and PS in women suffering from CLBP.

• Middle ear disorders are so common in children with cleft palate.
• Wideband tympanometry shows promise as a valuable tool for monitoring middle ear function in children undergoing cleft palate surgery.
• Wideband tympanometry provides enhanced diagnostic capabilities compared to conventional methods.

Middle ear wideband energy absorption changes were analyzed before and after cleft palate corrective surgery in children. Wideband tympanometry was used to assess 14 children aged 4 to 24 months pre and one-month post-surgery. Results showed improvements in middle ear pressure, absorption percentage, and admittance across all frequencies post-operation. This study indicates that wideband tympanometry is more effective than traditional single-frequency tympanometry in evaluating middle ear conditions after cleft palate surgery. The findings emphasize the significance of timely surgical intervention to enhance middle ear function in children with cleft and lip palate. 

● The Persian-speaking adults with cleft palate had significantly elevated durations of nasalization than adults without cleft palate. 
● Temporal aspects of velopharyngeal coarticulation were delayed or exhibited deviations in adults with cleft palate.
● The development of motor speech control plays an important role in the mechanisms of anticipatory and carryover velopharyngeal coarticulation.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency affects speech. When the duration of opening and closing of the velopharyngeal valve before and after a nasal consonant takes more time than usual, speech quality is perceived as hypernasal. Hypernasality is a prevalent nasality disorder among individuals with cleft palate. The findings of this investigation propose that adults with cleft palate in the Persian language may initiate velopharyngeal opening for nasal consonants earlier and conclude velopharyngeal closing for oral consonants after nasal consonants later than adults without cleft palate.

● Stuttering can reduce the quality of life (QoL) in people who stutter (PWS).
● To assess QoL in PWS, we need a valid and reliable questionnaire.
● A stuttering related QoL questionnaire (SRQoLQ) was developed to better identification of QoL in PWS and its psychometric properties were investigated.
● The SRQoLQ is a valid and reliable tool with 32 items that can be used for clinical or research purposes in the field of stuttering.

Stuttering is a communication disorder that disrupts people’s speech fluency. In addition to the negative effects on the smooth flow of speech, the occurrence of stuttering can also have many negative effects on the lives of people who stutter (PWS). To better identify the negative effects of stuttering on PWS, a questionnaire was developed in this study. This questionnaire can help clinicians plan a better treatment program for the treatment of stuttering in PWS.

● Effectiveness of Bobath versus task-oriented approach in young stroke patients.
● Study objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of the Bobath approach and the task-oriented approach in improving motor activity, activities of daily living, and quality of life (QoL) in young stroke patients.
● Study participants: This study included 60 young stroke patients, with 30 patients assigned to each treatment group (Bobath approach and task-oriented approach).
● Assessment tools: After a three-month follow-up period, three assessment tools were used to evaluate the patient’s progress as follows: The Barthel index (BI) for activities of daily living, the motor assessment scale (MAS) or motor function, and the stroke-specific QoL scale (SSQOL) for QoL.
● Positive results: Both treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements based on the assessment results. This suggests that the Bobath approach and the task-oriented approach can be effective in enhancing motor activity, activities of daily living, and QoL in young stroke patients.
● Comparison with previous research: The study’s discussion section refers to previous research conducted on geriatric stroke patients, which compared the Bobath and motor relearning approaches. The previous studies found both approaches to be effective, but motor relearning showed better results, particularly in female patients.
● Study implications: The current study provides valuable insights into effective treatment approaches for young stroke patients. However, it also highlights the importance of considering gender-specific outcomes in future investigations to tailor treatment strategies more effectively.

This study compares the effectiveness of the Bobath approach versus the task-oriented approach for motor activity, activities of daily living, and QoL in young stroke patients. A total of 60 patients were included in the study (30 subjects in each group). After a three-month follow-up, three assessment tools were used to evaluate the patients as follows: The BI for activities of daily living, the MA scale for motor function, and the SSQOL for QoL. Both treatment groups showed significant improvements based on the assessment results. The discussion highlights that previous research comparing Bobath and motor relearning approaches in geriatric stroke patients found both approaches effective, but motor relearning showed better results, especially in female patients. Overall, this study provides insights into effective treatment approaches for young stroke patients but suggests further investigation into gender-specific outcomes.

● The Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection in Indonesia has affirmed that the nation is characterized by a significant population of individuals who lack paternal presence.
● Previous studies have shown that the presence of a father is critical in an adolescent’s life.
A scale measuring adolescents’ perceptions of the presence of a father in their lives is needed for further research and the formulation of policies for related parties.
● The nurturance fathering scale (NFS) adapted in the context of Indonesian adolescents is valid.

The presence of the father has an important impact on various aspects of adolescent development. On the other hand, the Indonesian Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection released data showing that Indonesia is among the ten countries where children do not play the optimal role as fathers. Furthermore, studies of father-centered parenting are still less popular compared to mother-centered parenting or parenting. For this reason, it is considered important to have a measurement tool that is reliable enough to measure father care, especially in the context of adolescents in Indonesia. It is hoped that the existence of a scale reliable enough to use will stimulate further studies focused on paternal care and also on decision-making for related parties. This research aims to adapt the nurturance fathering scale, written in English, to the Indonesian language and context. There are 8 statements to the National Centre of Competence in Research, in which all these statements have been translated and adapted to the Indonesian context. Confirmatory factor analysis is used as the validation method. The respondents included 324 young people, for whom this number was considered sufficient to carry out the validation. The findings from this study found that the nurturance fathering scale adapted to the Indonesian language and context is valid. This is indicated by multiple fit indices that meet the requirements. Thus, the nurturance fathering scale adapted to the Indonesian language and context can be used for other purposes, such as research or decision-making. We hope that the findings of this study will incite additional research endeavors and consequently enhance our understanding of paternal caretaking.

● Mulligan mobilization (MWM) with movement and transverse friction massage can reduce pain intensity in people with grade I or II rotator cuff syndrome (RCS).
● MWM with movement and transverse friction massage can improve shoulder ranges and physical function in people with grade I or II rotator cuff syndrome.
● These results seem more favorable in the MWM group compared to the transverse friction massage group.

Shoulder pain is a widespread issue known as RCS, especially in the working population. It often keeps people away from work for extended periods. There are several surgical and non-surgical options for treating RCS; however, physiotherapy is a more economical choice with fewer side effects. This study explored the impact of two manual therapy treatments, MWM, and transverse friction massage, on 42 participants with grade I/II rotator cuff tear and pain. The findings revealed that both treatments, MWM with movement and transverse friction massage, effectively reduced pain, improved shoulder movement, and enhanced physical function in individuals with grade (I) or grade (II) RCS. The MWM group showed slightly better results than the transverse friction massage group. If an individual is dealing with shoulder pain, such treatments could be beneficial. Physiotherapy, especially MWM, proves to be a cost-effective and positive approach to managing RCS. Accordingly, it offers practical solutions for improving the daily lives of individuals dealing with shoulder pain, potentially reducing work absences and enhancing overall well-being.

● The present questionnaire has good validity and reliability. 
● The questionnaire can be used to measure the probability of monthly human error among employees of railway traffic control rooms (RTCR). By using this tool, in addition to examining the human errors of the employees themselves, it is possible to examine the impact of other factors, such as multiple tasks or doing some tasks on the human errors of these employees, thereby reducing the probability of human error.
● Other researchers are advised to design tools and software in addition to using this tool to reduce the probability of human errors in susceptible and risky jobs such as control rooms.

RTCR employees are susceptible to human error, and human errors can lead to catastrophic events. To estimate the probability of monthly human errors in RTCR employees, a questionnaire was designed and validated by experts. The questionnaire was designed after reviewing the literature and experts’ experiences and based on the results the questionnaire has an acceptable reliability and validity. This questionnaire can be used to estimate the probability of monthly human errors among RTCR employees in future studies.

● Dysphonia prevalence and dysphagia prevalence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were high and detrimental to their quality of life (QoL). As a result, these two problems can be considered the leading clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients and specialists, nurses and speech and language pathologists should be completely aware of these symptoms to be capable of taking the necessary protective and treatment actions.
● A positive correlation was found between dysphagia severity, dysphonia severity and age. Therefore, in COVID-19 patients, dysphagia and dysphonia are more prevalent in older patients. Higher age indicates that such disorders are more common. 
● A negative correlation was found between swallowing QoL and dysphagia severity, and dysphonia severity. Accordingly, early evaluation is required for timely and efficient intervention to avoid further complications and to improve their QoL.
● Awareness of the prevalence rate and risk factors allows specialists to accurately identify and evaluate patients with swallowing and voice disorders and subject them to early intervention.

COVID-19, a viral disease that has grown alarmingly worldwide, is currently the main global health problem. The COVID-19 disease affects various organs of the body, including the brain and lungs, and leads to hospitalization of patients. As a result of long-term intensive care and respiratory treatment procedures, this disease may lead to neuromuscular weakness and have negative effects on swallowing and voice production ability in this group of patients. Dysphonia and dysphagia may cause pneumonia, dehydration, aspiration, and malnutrition, reducing the patient’s QoL and thus compromising the prognosis. The outcomes of the existing study revealed the prevalence of dysphagia and dysphonia is extremely high among COVID-19 patients and is more common among older patients. Awareness of the prevalence rate and risk factors allows specialists to accurately identify and evaluate patients with swallowing and voice disorders and subject them to early intervention.

● Anaerobic (delivered by Pilates) and aerobic exercise reduce fatigue in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients.
● This study emphasized the importance of combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise in improving quality of life (QoL). among SLE patients.
● Cardiovascular and muscular fitness can be improved in SLE patients by doing combined aerobic and anaerobic exercises.

Lupus disease affects the cardiovascular and muscular system, feeling fatigued, and QoL. Accordingly, concerning the results of the present study, combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise can improve cardiovascular and muscular fitness and QoL and mitigate fatigue in lupus patients.

● Cognitive rehabilitation strategies are effective in information processing speed, response inhibition, attention, and perceptual reasoning of children with a mathematical learning disorder. 
● The training of cognitive rehabilitation strategies had the greatest effect on perceptual reasoning.

Cognitive rehabilitation provides retraining in thinking, judging, and making decisions. The focus is on correcting deficits in the areas of memory, concentration and attention, perception, learning, planning, sequencing, and judgment.

● This case report explores the importance of patient education combined with home individualized physiotherapy intervention in the modulation of stroke-related impairment amid erroneous beliefs about the incidence and management of stroke.
● There was an improvement in muscle strength, hand functional abilities, gait/balance, activities of daily living, and a decline in severity of spasticity, glucose level, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage (%VF), body mass index (BMI) and derived cardiovascular indices as per post-intervention scores.
● Wrong perceptions and beliefs about the cause of stroke may negatively impact survival after a stroke occurrence. Incorporating a continuous and persistent education of the patient and informal caregivers and a home-based individualized physiotherapy intervention may proffer step-by-step solutions in alleviating erroneous misconceptions about the cause of stroke and stroke-related impairments.
● We recommend that physiotherapists should include interventions targeted at increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat when treating stroke survivors to ameliorate the negative impact of stroke on the musculoskeletal structure, stroke recurrence, and enhancement of functional performance in activities of daily living.

Wrong perceptions and beliefs about the cause of stroke may negatively impact survival after a stroke occurrence. Incorporating a continuous and persistent education of the patient and informal caregivers and a home-based individualized physiotherapy intervention may proffer step-by-step solution in alleviating erroneous misconception about the cause of stroke and stroke related impairments. This case report to explored the importance of patient education combined with home individualized physiotherapy intervention in the modulation of stroke-related impairment amid erroneous beliefs about the incidence and management of stroke. The patient muscle strength, hand function, walking speed, activity of daily living, and balance was better after eight weeks of treatment than before treatment. Additionally, we also found a reduction of spasticity, blood sugar level, and body fat. The derived cardiovascular indices such as the mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product and pulse pressure also reduced significantly. We recommend that physiotherapists should include intervention targeted at increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat when treating stroke survivors to ameliorate the impact of stroke on the musculoskeletal structure, stroke recurrence, and enhancement of  functional performance in activity of daily living.