988368
Sun, Jul 26, 2026
Accepted article
Back to the articles list |
Back to browse issues page
1- Substance Abuse and Dependence Researcher Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (47 Views)
Background: The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) is a brief instrument designed to assess the severity of psychological dependence across substances for treatment and rehabilitation programs. Although the Persian version has previously shown good reliability and validity, its factorial structure has not yet been examined independently.
Objective: To investigate the factor structure of the Persian version of the LDQ among Iranian individuals with substance use disorders.
Methods: This study was a secondary psychometric analysis of data from 170 treatment-seeking individuals with substance use disorders who completed the Persian LDQ. Descriptive statistics, item intercorrelations, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure, Bartlett’s test of sphericity, and exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring were performed. A one-factor solution was assumed to be supported by both the scree plot and the parallel analysis.
Results: The data were suitable for factor analysis (KMO = 0.898; Bartlett’s test χ² = 606.514, df = 45, p < 0.001). All items showed acceptable measures of sampling adequacy. The first eigenvalue was 4.669, accounting for 46.687% of the variance, whereas the second and third eigenvalues were below 1. In the parallel analysis, only the first observed eigenvalue exceeded the corresponding random eigenvalue, supporting retention of a single factor. Item 8 showed the weakest communality and the most distinct loading pattern in the exploratory extraction.
Conclusion: The Persian LDQ appears to retain the essentially unidimensional structure of the original instrument and can be used as a valid measure of dependence severity in Iranian clinical and research settings.
Objective: To investigate the factor structure of the Persian version of the LDQ among Iranian individuals with substance use disorders.
Methods: This study was a secondary psychometric analysis of data from 170 treatment-seeking individuals with substance use disorders who completed the Persian LDQ. Descriptive statistics, item intercorrelations, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure, Bartlett’s test of sphericity, and exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring were performed. A one-factor solution was assumed to be supported by both the scree plot and the parallel analysis.
Results: The data were suitable for factor analysis (KMO = 0.898; Bartlett’s test χ² = 606.514, df = 45, p < 0.001). All items showed acceptable measures of sampling adequacy. The first eigenvalue was 4.669, accounting for 46.687% of the variance, whereas the second and third eigenvalues were below 1. In the parallel analysis, only the first observed eigenvalue exceeded the corresponding random eigenvalue, supporting retention of a single factor. Item 8 showed the weakest communality and the most distinct loading pattern in the exploratory extraction.
Conclusion: The Persian LDQ appears to retain the essentially unidimensional structure of the original instrument and can be used as a valid measure of dependence severity in Iranian clinical and research settings.
Keywords: Leeds Dependence Questionnaire, LDQ, Substance Use Disorder, Dependence Severity, Factor Analysis, Psychometrics, Validation Study, Iran
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Addiction
Received: 2026/06/21 | Accepted: 2026/07/22
Received: 2026/06/21 | Accepted: 2026/07/22
Send email to the article author
Copyright © The Author(s);
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC-By-NC 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
