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• Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) decreased mechanical ventilation or weaning duration.
• Inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) can be improved after IMT administration. 
• The IMT program improved lung function, thereby reducing symptoms and improving functional abilities as well as the quality of life.

Plain Language Summary 
This study aims to review the articles of the last ten years about how inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can affect breathing muscle strength in prolonged mechanical ventilation patients. The mechanical ventilation usage weakens the breathing muscle impeding patients from weaning mechanical ventilation and breathing spontaneously. Previous studies found that IMT can resolve these issues by preventing the reduction of breathing muscle mass without any adverse effects.

• Cerebellar infarcts account for 2-3% of all strokes.
• Balance exercises and gait training reduce the symptoms of these patients.
• The task-oriented approach can also be effective. 

Plain Language Summary 
The cerebellum is located inside the skull and behind the brain. It is mainly responsible for the balance and normal movement of the human body. It is also vascularized by the three main arteries that are blocked; thus, the blockage of blood flow inside the vessel is called a cerebellar infarction. The main treatment options are medical operations and drug therapy. However, physical therapy can help these patients function, and this review examines the effectiveness of physical therapy programs on the symptoms of these patients. More specifically, a program based on progressive balance exercises and specific muscle exercises was found to reduce patients’ symptoms, as opposed to a treadmill exercise program. In addition, an individual program with the correct use of the principles and techniques of physiotherapy, depending on the severity of the injury and functional level, leads to the improvement of the patient’s condition. This overview of existing studies is extremely important as it summarizes for the first time all the research data available on the subject, providing the necessary information for the management of these patients.

• Results assist in formulating scientific and research policies and guidelines.
• They analyze scientific communication and citation patterns.
• Results conduct quantitative and qualitative evaluations of scientific sources and publications.
• They assess output, efficiency/performance, and scientific impact.

Plain Language Summary 
This research provides valuable guidance for researchers seeking to effectively use available research facilities and resources. The study offers an overall view of the current state of the Iranian Rehabilitation Journal (IRJ).

• Both Kendall’s exercise and Gong’s mobilization reveal a significant improvement in terms of numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), neck disability index (NDI), cranio-vertebral angle (CVA), rounded shoulder angle (RSA), cervical range of motion (ROM), and cervical muscle strength.
• Gong’s mobilization reveals significant improvement compared to Kendall’s mobilization for NPRS, NDI, CVA, and RSA.
• Gong’s mobilization reveals significantly more improvement compared to Kendall’s mobilization for cervical ROM for extension, right and left side bending, and right and left rotation with no significant difference for flexion. 
• Gong’s mobilization reveals significantly more improvement compared to Kendall’s mobilization for Isometric cervical muscle strength for all movements.

Plain Language Summary 
The text neck syndrome has a high prevalence affecting millions of people worldwide. With the knowledge gap related to treatment strategies, the current randomized clinical trial with 24 patients with text neck syndrome explored the impact of Kendall and Gong’s intervention for function, pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, and posture and noted a significant difference with P<0.05 in terms of within and between group statistics. Gong’s mobilization showed more effectiveness (P<0.001) for all output measures depending on the difference in mean scores; hence Gong’s mobilization is more effective.

• After this study, a valid and reliable questionnaire can be used to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Iranian mothers about the development of communication, language, speech, and swallowing of their children.
• By knowing the parent’s KAP, we will understand the amount of parent-child interaction, how the child grows, and the factors affecting it.
• This questionnaire may help more extensive research in the future.

Plain Language Summary 
The family environment is crucial in the quality of the child’s communication, language, speech, and swallowing development. The parents’ good knowledge and attitude about the child’s development leads to better practice. By improving parents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), parent-child interaction will improve and its impact on the children’s development will be visible in society.

• The rate of relapse/recidivism among patients participating in the mid-term residential treatment program was higher than in the therapeutic community (TC) and outpatient programs.
• The rate of criminal activity patients participating in the mid-term residential treatment program was higher than in the TC and outpatient programs.
• Patients participating in outpatient treatment had better general health and overall quality of life.
• Patients in the TC program reported more problems on the family relationship index (FRI) compared to the outpatient and TC treatment programs

Plain Language Summary 
Drug addiction has many side effects for both the individual and the community. A wide range of treatment and support programs and services exists for people with drug problems in Iran. The main support programs for quitting addiction in Iran are the therapeutic community (TC) program (TC, mid-term treatment program, and outpatient treatment program. The present study showed that the rate of relapse/recidivism and criminal activity among patients participating in the mid-term residential treatment program was higher than the TC and outpatient programs while the mental health status and quality of life of the participants in the outpatient treatment program were better. Also, patients in the TC program reported more problems on the family relationship index (FRI) compared to the outpatient and TC treatment programs.

• Custom mold foot orthoses (CFO) improve dynamic postural control in chronic ankle instability (CAI).
• Custom mold with a raised ridge around the perimeter foot orthoses (CRFO) improves dynamic postural control in CAI.
• A CRFO can affect both types of functional and mechanical instability in CAI.

Plain Language Summary 
Exercise injuries are inevitable and athlete is always exposed to a series of potential risks. A lateral ankle sprain is a common type of these injuries that can cause pain, loss of play, and medical costs. In team sports, the loss of key players caused by lateral ankle sprain can lead to failure in competitions and economic costs. In addition, their long-term complications cannot be ignored. Researchers found that the use of orthoses is effective in preventing lateral ankle sprain. In this study, an orthosis was made to prevent this injury, and positive results were obtained in controlling dynamic posture.

• A sensory diet can offer the right kind of sensory stimulation to improve overall health and functional outcomes.
• Include play and exercise in your daily routine.
• Balance and sensory environments in the classroom help improve focus, memory, and concentration.
• A sensory diet helps reduce the difficulties associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while fostering creativity, social skills, and problem-solving abilities.

Plain Language Summary 
A sensory diet is an activity program, tailored to each person that helps them adjust their level of ‘arousal’, and is a daily routine that includes relaxing during the day and organizing activities. Sensory diet intervention is a new and effective intervention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and improves the performance of these children in different social situations and can be used in Iran as a new, practical, and free method.

• The burdens facing wives of disabled people were very significant.
• Wives younger than 40 years old who are illiterate and live in large families with limited income and unemployed whose husbands have mental disabilities, and long-term disability due to illness or accidents are considered a significant burden.

Plain Language Summary 
Women face many burdens and problems due to the differentiation between the genders based on traditional culture, and these burdens are more evident if the focus is on the wives of the disabled. The burdens vary according to individual characteristics, including age, educational level, family size, monthly income, employment status, and type and duration of disability. The role of various institutions, including the family foundation, and public and private institutions in the rehabilitation of people with special needs is highlighted in issues of material and moral support. Supporting the wives of the disabled to adapt and reduce these burdens, difficulties, and deficiencies in the support process is one of the vital priorities to ease the burdens and integrate them into society.

• Core strength is a crucial component in maximizing upper limb performance.
• There is a relationship between core activation/stabilization and isometric strength of muscles surrounding the shoulder.
• Exclusive core training should be done after an upper body workout, not before, and additionally, core exercises should be integrated with upper body workouts.

Plain Language Summary 
Enhancing core stability is essential to improve athletic performance. It has been demonstrated that enhanced trunk stability further promotes athletic performance by laying the groundwork for increased limb force and generation of power. It is believed that optimal core strength will enable an athlete to effectively transfer forces from the lower extremities to the upper extremities through the torso. The current study found a corresponding significant reduction in upper limb isometric strength with momentary alteration in core strength and endurance, which was greater in pull down exercise group than push up muscle group, suggesting that performing extensive and exclusive core exercises to relieve fatigue before upper extremity training can reduce the potential for core activation. Therefore, athletes and coaches should consider that exclusive and extensive core training should be done after an upper-body training session, not before, and additionally, core exercises should be integrated with upper-body workouts.

• This investigation was conducted on depressed individuals to examine the underlying mechanisms for memory specificity impairment in this population.
• Working memory capacity was determined as a predictor of specificity impairment.
• Our results supported the credibility of the executive resource hypothesis, which in turn encourages clinical psychologists to target executive dysfunctions to address reduced specificity.

Plain Language Summary 
People who suffer from depression find it difficult to remember memories in full detail. Because memories are so important for problem-solving as well as for therapeutic purposes, a growing number of researchers have investigated the causes of this problem. There are some popular ideas about the possible role of intrusive thoughts and short-term memory capacity limitation in the occurrence of this memory problem. Some psychologists argue that failure in accessing detailed memories occurs since depressed people are prone to the invasion of irrelevant information while trying to remember a memory. Other researchers maintain that this memory problem is a result of short-term memory capacity limitation. Accordingly, depressed people fail to maintain information while trying to remember memories. Our results are aligned with the viewpoint of the second group of researchers.

• Stroke is known as the most important neurological disease in the world
• Anxiety is the most common neurological disorder associated with stroke
• A foot bath as a method of complementary medicine, is beneficial for the whole body and human brain and can also cause positive physiological effects, comfort, relaxation, improved sleep, and reduced stress 
• Foot baths reduce stress and improve physiological parameters in stroke patients

Plain Language Summary 
Stroke is known as the most important neurological disease in the world and also one of the most important debilitating factors in Iran. Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders associated with stroke. Anxiety affects all aspects of rehabilitation of these patients and will delay rehabilitation worsen their physical condition and ultimately increase the mortality rate of these patients, especially in the first ten years after stroke. A foot bath as a method of complementary medicine, is beneficial for the whole body and human brain and can also cause positive physiological effects, and cause comfort, relaxation, improved sleep, and reduced stress. The use of foot baths as one of the areas of complementary medicine is recommended as a safe, inexpensive, and uncomplicated method in patients with stroke. Considering the effect of foot baths in reducing stress in stroke patients, it is suggested to investigate its effect on other stroke complications and anxiety and physiological indicators in other clinical conditions. 

• Low-power laser and shock wave therapies had positive effects on pain reduction, grip and pinch strength, and function in carpal tunnel patients.
• Low-power laser and shock wave therapies had a positive effect on sensory latency and motor nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve
• There were no significant differences between the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) therapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) groups except for pain in favor of the ESWT group.
• The two interventions had the same effect on electrophysiological parameters. 

Plain Language Summary 
Compression on the wrist tunnel leads to pain, numbness, and tingling sensation or falling objects from the hand in severe cases. Nonsurgical methods can help improve the signs and symptoms in early diagnosis. Recently, using shock wave therapy and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been very attractive in these patients, but there are not many studies comparing the effects of these methods. In this study, we assessed the effect of adding LLLT or shock wave therapy to exercise, mobilization, and stretching, on pain, strength, function, and electrophysiological findings. After two weeks of physiotherapy intervention, positive effects were seen on the reduction of pain and the improvement of strength and function. Likewise, nerve impulses revealed recovery after treatment in three groups. Our results detected much improvement in patients who received shock wave therapy based on effect size. Therefore, we can suggest these interventions as perfect methods in the management of moderate patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly the addition of shock wave therapy to routine treatment. 

• Strengthening resilience skills can reduce the stress on mothers of children with Down syndrome (DS). 
• After the training program, there was a significant difference between the mean stress scores of the two groups. 
• Plain language summary: Strengthening the resilience skills of mothers of children with DS can reduce the stress of these mothers, increase their quality of life, and ultimately increase the quality of life of other family members

Plain Language Summary 
Down's syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder. It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features. There is no cure for this disease. Education and proper care have been shown to provide good quality of life. Families who care for a child with DS at home face a variety of psychological, social, and economic problems. Parents of these children experience more stress compared to normal children's parents. Parenting stress has deleterious effects on parents, children, and overall family functioning. Parents of children with intellectual disability, including DS, showed higher levels of parenting stress than parents of normal children. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of resilience skills on reducing the stress of the mothers of these children. Resilience is the process and outcome of successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences, and adjustment to external and internal demands. Strengthening the resilience skills of mothers of children with DS can reduce the stress of these mothers, increase their quality of life and ultimately increase the quality of life of other family members. Combing social support with resilience training may be more effective in mitigating carer-stress among parents of children with DS.

• Anosognosia in psychiatric patients, combined with self-stigmatization, prevents the formation of sustainable compliance and responsibility for one’s own health.
• The paternalistic model of the relationship between the psychiatrist and the patient places the responsibility for treatment and social functioning on the doctor, which can lead to abuse of the mentally ill patient.
• Prevention of coercion and violence in psychiatric hospitals should be based on the contractual model of the relationship between the doctor and the patient, psychoeducation, and regulations for the application of restrictive measures.

Plain Language Summary 
In psychiatric hospitals, restrictions on the rights and freedoms of people with mental disorders are often allowed. This study examined the attitudes of patients and psychiatrists toward restrictive measures in psychiatric hospitals. It has been established that the majority of psychiatrists and patients have a positive attitude toward coercion in a psychiatric hospital, which indicates the predominance of a paternalistic model of assistance in psychiatry. It is necessary to move to a contractual model of psychiatrist-patient relationships and increase the responsibility of psychiatric patients for their health.

• The present study highlights the need for the promotion of well-being among students and the importance of basic psychological needs (BPNs) for their well-being.
• Satisfaction of basic psychological needs enables students to feel vital, which ultimately improves their well-being. 
• Results from this study may help students, educators, and other stakeholders to seek and develop supportive environments wherein basic psychological needs are satisfied.
• Helping students to gain initiative for greater independence in decision-making, increasing student competence, and developing relationship-building skills among students is necessary for their full performance.

Plain Language Summary 
This study analyzed the relationship between basic psychological needs (BPNs), subjective vitality, and well-being among students. The study provides substantial support for BPNs and subjective vitality as predictors of well-being. Moreover, findings provide insight into the underlying mechanism of BPNs and well-being relationship by highlighting subjective vitality as a potential mediator. The findings from this research have direct implications when the well-being of students is considered. The results showed that subjective vitality mediates the effect of BPNs on well-being. In addition, gender differences were observed in the assessment of BPN in relation to well-being. The results from this study may help students, educators, and other stakeholders to seek and develop a supportive environment wherein BPNs are satisfied in general and domain-specific, which ultimately can improve their vitality and well-being. Universities and colleges should focus on helping students make more independent decisions by affirming their choices, promoting student competence in distinctive ways, and developing relationship-building skills among students. These can be achieved through curricular and co-curricular activities.

• It is possible that the individual and professional characteristics of nurses working in psychiatric wards affect their delivery of care for mental patients.
• The name of the facility and people’s perception of the workers in these institutions can add an opportunity for nurses’ dissatisfaction.
• Many problems that occur in the psychological wards between nurses and patients can be overcome by identifying the nurses’ lived experiences and involving them in solutions.

Plain Language Summary 
There are places where caregivers, including nurses, suffer from it physically and psychologically, and it directly affects them, even after returning home, they encounter people who have lost their vision and reason. Also, the general public considers them as less than the rest of their peers because of the stigma of the transitional effect from mental patients to them, according to social spoken. The study was done to reveal this suffering and experiences to find solutions and alleviate their suffering.

• It is possible that the individual and professional characteristics of nurses working in psychiatric wards affect their delivery of care for mental patients.
• The name of the facility and people’s perception of the workers in these institutions can add an opportunity for nurses’ dissatisfaction.
• Many problems that occur in the psychological wards between nurses and patients can be overcome by identifying the nurses’ lived experiences and involving them in solutions.

Plain Language Summary 
There are places where caregivers, including nurses, suffer from it physically and psychologically, and it directly affects them, even after returning home, they encounter people who have lost their vision and reason. Also, the general public considers them as less than the rest of their peers because of the stigma of the transitional effect from mental patients to them, according to social spoken. The study was done to reveal this suffering and experiences to find solutions and alleviate their suffering.