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Volume 20, Issue 3 (September 2022)
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2022, 20(3): 345-354 |
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Muhammad S, Khan A A, Kamran M, Asghar E, Saqulain G, Khan M I et al . Androgenic Anabolic Steroids Use in Pakistan From the Perspective of Bodybuilders. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2022; 20 (3) :345-354
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html
URL: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html
Syed Muhammad1 
, Aqeel Ahmed Khan2 , Muhammad Kamran3 , Ejaz Asghar2 , Ghulam Saqulain * 4, Muhammad Imran Khan5 , Shoukat Hayat2
, Aqeel Ahmed Khan2 , Muhammad Kamran3 , Ejaz Asghar2 , Ghulam Saqulain * 4, Muhammad Imran Khan5 , Shoukat Hayat2
1- Department of Health Physical Education & Sports Sciences, International Fitness Professionals Association, Florida, USA.
2- Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3- Chal Foundation Bacha Khan Medical Complex KPK, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
4- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Capital Hospital PGMI, Islamabad, Pakistan.
5- Department of Higher Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Post Graduate College Khar Bajawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
2- Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3- Chal Foundation Bacha Khan Medical Complex KPK, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
4- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Capital Hospital PGMI, Islamabad, Pakistan.
5- Department of Higher Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Post Graduate College Khar Bajawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Abstract: (1993 Views)
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) use among bodybuilders in different cities of Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 380 bodybuilders utilizing convenience sampling from different cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The sample included male bodybuilders aged 18 to 50 years. The basic demographic sheet and a self-designed form were used to collect data. SPSS software v. 21 was utilized for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to observe any relationship with P<0.05 as significant.
Results: The current study showed a prevalence of 109 (28.68%) AAS use in bodybuilders with testosterone being most commonly used. A total of 54 people (49.5%) used self-administration, 38 people (34.9%) used it for the short-term while 27 people (24.8%) used it in long-term. Bodybuilders were mostly inspired by peers 73 (67%) and encouraged by coaches 62 (56.9%) to use AAS. Regarding knowledge of AAS, its usage, benefits, and side effects, the majority (89%) had little or no knowledge.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of AAS is quite prevalent among bodybuilders in Pakistan with 28.68% of AAS mainly using testosterone preparation, and bodybuilders of age 20 to 40 mainly consuming AAS. Peers were the main inspiration for most (67%) and encouraged by their coaches to use AAS (56.9%).
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 380 bodybuilders utilizing convenience sampling from different cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The sample included male bodybuilders aged 18 to 50 years. The basic demographic sheet and a self-designed form were used to collect data. SPSS software v. 21 was utilized for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to observe any relationship with P<0.05 as significant.
Results: The current study showed a prevalence of 109 (28.68%) AAS use in bodybuilders with testosterone being most commonly used. A total of 54 people (49.5%) used self-administration, 38 people (34.9%) used it for the short-term while 27 people (24.8%) used it in long-term. Bodybuilders were mostly inspired by peers 73 (67%) and encouraged by coaches 62 (56.9%) to use AAS. Regarding knowledge of AAS, its usage, benefits, and side effects, the majority (89%) had little or no knowledge.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of AAS is quite prevalent among bodybuilders in Pakistan with 28.68% of AAS mainly using testosterone preparation, and bodybuilders of age 20 to 40 mainly consuming AAS. Peers were the main inspiration for most (67%) and encouraged by their coaches to use AAS (56.9%).
Article type: Original Research Articles |
Subject:
Addiction
Received: 2021/10/14 | Accepted: 2022/05/31 | Published: 2022/09/19
Received: 2021/10/14 | Accepted: 2022/05/31 | Published: 2022/09/19
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